Application of Total Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in The Management of A Patient with Cardiovascular Risk

Medical intervention based on the concept of total coronary risk in the asymptomatic population without cardiovascular disease (CVD) is widely advocated throughout the world.All adults above 40 years, without history of CVD or diabetes, and who are not on treatment for blood pressure (BP) or lipids, should be considered for a comprehensive risk assessment in primary care once every five years. Our patient is an asymptomatic obese, hypertensive, dyslipidaemic individual who is also a smoker. He has a family history of premature atherosclerotic disease. His co-morbidities include mild asthma and hepatic impairment. His estimated total cardiovascular risk according to Joint British Society risk score1 for 10 year cardiovascular event is 40% which qualifies him in the high risk category.His estimated score according to HEART score based on the SCORE project2 is 7% which refers to a 10-year risk mortality. According to HEARTSCORE, a score of more than 5 is considered to be at high risk. The following discussion aims to cut down his cardiovascular risk by having life-style changes and use of cardioprotective medication where appropriate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i1.10207 UHJ 2011; 7(1): 28-34

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Cardiovascular risk estimation in women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy disorders at term: a longitudinal follow-up study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/1471-2393-13-126 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Wietske Hermes ◽

Jouke T Tamsma ◽

Diana C Grootendorst ◽

Arie Franx ◽

Joris van der Post ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Hypertensive Pregnancy ◽

History Of ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Estimation ◽

Pregnancy Disorders

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Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0208_update_001 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 846-863

Author(s):

Yvo M. Smulders ◽

Marie-Therese Cooney ◽

Ian Graham

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Very High ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Estimation

The absolute benefit of any measure to prevent cardiovascular disease, be it lifestyle improvement or pharmacological therapy, depends on the baseline cardiovascular risk. This risk cannot be assessed exactly, but only be estimated because many known risk determinants cannot be accounted for in existing risk scoring systems, and because the application to an individual of risk estimates derived from populations is imprecise. Several cardiovascular risk estimation methods are available, and the European Society of Cardiology has favoured the European-based Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system as a basis for their cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. SCORE estimates absolute 10-year cardiovascular mortality risk. In specific circumstances, estimation of relative risk, risk age, or lifetime risk may be considered. High- and very-high-risk population are defined by SCORE risks greater than 5% and greater than 10%, respectively, or by clinical conditions conferring (very) high risk, such as existing cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. The role of additional risk information on top of the information entered in SCORE is generally limited. In particular, markers of early cardiovascular damage should be collected and interpreted with caution. Absolute cardiovascular risks in young and elderly individuals are almost always low or very high, respectively, and the options for appropriate interpretation and management of these risks are discussed.

Download Full-text

Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0208 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 846-863

Author(s):

Yvo M. Smulders ◽

Marie-Therese Cooney ◽

Ian Graham

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Very High ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Estimation

The absolute benefit of any measure to prevent cardiovascular disease, be it lifestyle improvement or pharmacological therapy, depends on the baseline cardiovascular risk. This risk cannot be assessed exactly, but only be estimated because many known risk determinants cannot be accounted for in existing risk scoring systems, and because the occurrence of cardiovascular disease is likely to depend not just on pre-existing risk factors, but also on chance. Several cardiovascular risk estimation methods are available, and the European Society of Cardiology has favoured the European-based Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system as a basis for their cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. SCORE estimates absolute 10-year cardiovascular mortality risk. In specific circumstances, estimation of relative risk, risk age, or lifetime risk may be considered. High- and very-high-risk population are defined by SCORE risks greater than 5% and greater than 10%, respectively, or by clinical conditions conferring high risk, such as existing cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. The role of additional risk information on top of the information entered in SCORE is generally limited. In particular, markers of early cardiovascular damage should be collected and interpreted with caution. Absolute cardiovascular risks in young and elderly individuals are almost always low or very high, respectively, and the options for appropriate interpretation of these risks are discussed.

Download Full-text