Correlation of serum S100B levels with brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with status epilepticus

Rationale Cerebral microbleeds seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging are markers of small vessel disease, linked to cognitive dysfunction and increased ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk. Observational studies suggest that aspirin use may induce cerebral microbleeds, and associated overt intracranial hemorrhage, but this has not been definitively resolved. Aims ASPREE-NEURO will determine the effect of aspirin on cerebral microbleed development over three years in healthy adults aged 70 years and over, participating in the larger ‘ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE)’ primary prevention study of aspirin. Sample size Five hundred and fifty-nine participants provide 75% power (two-sided p value of 0.05) to determine an average difference of 0.5 cerebral microbleed per person after three years. Methods and design A multi-center, randomized placebo-controlled trial of 100 mg daily aspirin in participants who have brain magnetic resonance imaging at study entry, one and three years after randomization and who undergo cognitive testing at the same time points. Study outcomes The primary outcome is the number of new cerebral microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging after three years. Secondary outcomes are the number of new cerebral microbleeds after one year, change in volume of white matter hyperintensity, cognitive function, and stroke. Discussion ASPREE-NEURO will resolve whether aspirin affects the presence and number of cerebral microbleeds, their relationship with cognitive performance, and indicate whether consideration of cerebral microbleeds alters the risk-benefit profile of aspirin in primary prevention for older people. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613001313729.

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Changes in the corticospinal tract after wearing prosthesis in bilateral transtibial amputation

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364616684216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 507-511

Author(s):

Sang Yoon Lee ◽

Si Hyun Kang ◽

Don-Kyu Kim ◽

Kyung Mook Seo ◽

Hee Joon Ro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Corticospinal Tract ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Transtibial Amputation

Background:After amputation, the brain is known to be reorganized especially in the primary motor cortex. We report a case to show changes in the corticospinal tract in a patient with serial bilateral transtibial amputations using diffusion tensor imaging.Case Description and Methods:A 78-year-old man had a transtibial amputation on his left side in 2008 and he underwent a right transtibial amputation in 2011. An initial brain magnetic resonance imaging with a diffusion tensor imaging was performed before starting rehabilitation on his right transtibial prosthesis, and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging was performed 2 years after this.Findings and Outcomes:In the initial diffusion tensor imaging, the number of fiber lines in his right corticospinal tract was larger than that in his left corticospinal tract. At follow-up diffusion tensor imaging, there was no definite difference in the number of fiber lines between both corticospinal tracts.Conclusion:We found that side-to-side corticospinal tract differences were equalized after using bilateral prostheses.Clinical relevanceThis case report suggests that diffusion tensor imaging tractography could be a useful method to understand corticomotor reorganization after using prosthesis in transtibial amputation.

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