Islamisation on the Iranian Periphery: Nasir-i Khusraw and Ismailism in Badakhshan

Islamisation ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 317-335
Author(s):  
Daniel Beben
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Competitive Nature

It has long been recognised in the scholarship on Islamisation that Muslim governors and administrators in Iran and Central Asia under the early caliphate, with few exceptions, displayed little interest in instigating mass conversion to Islam. As research by Wilferd Madelung, Patricia Crone and others has demonstrated, the cause of mass conversion was taken up more directly by the early Islamic sectarian movements, who sought out new converts to their causes among non-Arab populations and who often combined their religious appeal with various political objectives in opposition to the caliphate.1 The competitive nature of these movements contributed in no small part to rapid Islamisation in the Iranian world from approximately the mid-second century of the Hijra onwards. Yet while many of these movements disappear from the sources in subsequent centuries, the populations among which they once held sway, by and large, retained an attachment to Islam.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Damaging Effects ◽  
Mongol Rule

This conclusion summarises the book's main findings about the Mongols' conquest of the Islamic world and their eventual conversion to Islam. It first considers the damaging effects of the Mongol invasions on Islamic lands and their people before discussing the weaknesses of the Mongol empire, partly due to the absence of fixed rules for succession. It then examines the Mongol overlordship of many sedentary regions both in the Ilkhanid territories and in Central Asia under client Muslim princes, the fragmentation of the Mongol empire that hastened the development of its constituent parts along divergent lines, and the Islamization of Mongol rulers. It also describes the Mongols' efforts to rehabilitate their conquered territories and the positive results of Mongol rule in the eastern Islamic lands.

Notes on Ṭabarī's History

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence I. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early Islamic

The caliphate of Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik (105–25/724–43) was undoubtedly one of the most important periods in early Islamic history, and as witness to the history of this era a source of paramount importance is certainly the Ta'rīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk of al-Ṭabarī. This in itself makes the publication of Volume xxv of the English translation of this work by Dr Khalid Yahya Blankinship, covering all but the last five years of Hishām's long reign, a matter of special interest to historians of the eastern lands of Islam. The reader will immediately notice that al-Ṭabarī devotes the bulk of his narrative for this period to events in Khurāsān and Transoxania, specifically, to the Umayyad campaigns there and hostilities with the Türgish khāqān Sü-lü Čur. In the course of this narrative one finds not only a wealth of information on military matters, but also much valuable data on the customs of the western Turks and life in Central Asia in general. The author's reasons for giving his work such a markedly eastern emphasis at this point are not unrelated to a desire, as Blankinship observes, to set forth the background for the 'Abbāsid revolution. But most of what al-Ṭabarī reports for this period is in fact not of immediate relevance to the advent of the 'Abbāsids, and indeed, the subject of 'Abbāsid propaganda activities hardly seems to be a prominent one in this volume.

Nomad Migration in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZIM ABDULLAEV
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration

This chapter examines the ethnic and cultural identities and migration routes of nomadic tribes in Central Asia. It explains that the migration of Central Asian nomads, particularly into Transoxiana, can be divided into two categories. One is the long trans-regional route ascribable to the migration of the Yuezhi tribe from the valley of Gansu to the territory north of the Oxus River, and the other is the local migration attributed to the tribes such as the Dahae, Sakaraules, and Appasiakes. The chapter suggests that the events which determined nomad migration are connected with the history of the northern and western borders of Han China in the second century BC.

Two Concepts of Conversion at Meenakshipuram

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychic Process ◽  
Mass Conversion

AbstractThe 1981 Dalit mass conversion to Islam at Meenakshipuram, Tamil Nadu, arguably began the Hindu Right's political rise. The conversion raises two different concepts for understanding mass conversion's relationship to democracy. Though it is commonly framed in terms of B. R. Ambedkar's thought, whereby conversion's core is an interior psychic process of changing principles to see the world differently, I suggest that Meenakshipuram's event may more appropriately be framed by E. V. Ramasami's [EVR] thought, whereby conversion's core is an exterior somatic process of changing appearances to be seen differently in the world. These concepts of conversion raise alternative engagements with issues of text, force, foreignness, time, and Marxism. The argument is prefaced by a discussion of freedom's typology (Berlin), subaltern representation (Spivak), and religious mass (Geertz/Asad), which I argue favors EVR's concept of conversion over Ambedkar's. Such issues are not unimportant in an age of rising right-wing populisms globally.

scholarly journals The Infancy and Development of Hadith in Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4537-4541
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

This article discusses process of beginnings and development of the Hadith study in Central Asia in the Early Islamic period. The first transmitters of hadith in Mawarannahr were the Arabs who participated in the wars of invasion. Among the first narrators of hadith (isnad) in Central Asia, were eyewitnesses the Prophet's life, called as’habs or companions of the Prophet. The second link in the chain of narrators of hadith was represented by at-tabi'in, i.e. followers of the Prophet's companions, who communicated hadith from the words of as’hab. In Mawarannahr, the followers were represented mostly by the ‘Arabs that settled in Marw and settlements in its environs in the second half of the 7th century. The next link in the chain of narrators of hadith is the tubba' at-tabi'in, the apprentice of a follower of the companions of Muhammad the Prophet, many of whom lived in Marw and its environs in the 8th century. Though at the beginning of the 8th century it was mainly the ‘Arabs and their Iranian mawali (pl. of mawla) who narrated hadith, by the mid-8th century this science had already been adopted by representatives of the Central Asian peoples. In subsequent centuries, the study of hadith was widespread in Central Asia and it became one of the leading centers of development of ‘Arab-Muslim scholarship and culture. Besides Marw and the other towns of Khurasan, the most important centers of hadith study in the region were Samarqand, Bukhara, Termiz, Nasaf, Kesh, Khwarizm, and Shash. The development of the science of hadith criticism gave impulse to another branch of science—the historical-biographical one. In the 9th century the first collections containing biographies of famous narrators of hadith were compiled. This practice fasted until the late Middle Ages. Written sources give us the biographies of 3,000 transmitters of hadith that lived in different Central Asian cities before the beginning of the 13th century.

scholarly journals Christian Martyrs Under Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The Right ◽  
Early Islamic

The study of Christian martyrdom in the early Islamic world can be situated within the wider study of the Islamization of the Middle East, and by extension, Muslim-Christian relations. Similar works pertaining to thisBook Reviews 153 field are Richard Bulliet’s Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative History (1979) and Fred Donner’s Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing (1998). To read the full book review, download the PDF file on the right.

‘Marea’ on Lake Mareotis: A Roman Amphorae Dump, a Byzantine Period House, and Its Early Islamic Dwellers

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gwiazda ◽  
Dagmara Wielgosz-Rondolino
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Mediterranean Archaeology ◽  
The University ◽  
Early Islamic

‘Marea’ is situated on the south-western shore of Lake Mareotis, some 40 km south-west of Alexandria and 4 km south of the Mediterranean coast, in a region that enjoyed considerable economic significance in the Graeco-Roman Period due to wine production. In 2011, a Polish expedition from the Archaeological Museum of Kraków, on behalf of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, initiated excavations at House H1 and focused their research in the structure’s southern reaches. Then, in both 2014 and 2016, the excavations continued under the direction of a Polish team from the University of Warsaw. Based on this archaeological research as well as a stratigraphic analysis, it was possible to conclude that over the years the character of House H1 underwent substantial changes attested to by various kinds of alterations (wall demolition, introducing new partition structures and installations inside of rooms, constant rise of occupation levels). Our research enabled us to distinguish four main phases of habitation in this part of the archaeological site, beginning from the second century until its demise before the ninth century.

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