Archaeological Investigations at Mavis Grind, Shetland

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cracknell ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Field System ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Settlement Site

Summary The excavations revealed a stone house and showed that it was oval, 13 m × 10 m, with an interior about 7 m in diameter. In the first occupation phase the entrance was on the SE side. During the second phase this entrance was replaced with one to the NE and the interior was partitioned. The roof was supported on wooden posts. After the building was abandoned it was covered with peat-ash which was subsequently ploughed. There were numerous finds of steatite-tempered pottery and stone implements, which dated the site to late Bronze/early Iron Age. The second settlement, Site B, lay by the shore of the voe and consisted of two possible stone-built houses and a field system. Two trenches were dug across the structures and the results are reported in Appendix I. Although damaged in recent years it was in no further danger.

scholarly journals Burial Mounds, Ard Marks, and Memory: A Case Study from the Early Iron Age at Bamble, Telemark, Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Christian Løchsen Rødsrud
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Field System ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Point Of Departure

The point of departure for this article is the excavation of two burial mounds and a trackway system in Bamble, Telemark, Norway. One of the mounds overlay ard marks, which led to speculation as to whether the site was ritually ploughed or whether it contained the remains of an old field system. Analysis of the archaeometric data indicated that the first mound was related to a field system, while the second was constructed 500–600 years later. The first mound was probably built to demonstrate the presence of a kin and its social norms, while these norms were renegotiated when the second mound was raised in the Viking Age. This article emphasizes that the ritual and profane aspects were closely related: mound building can be a ritualized practice intended to legitimize ownership and status by the reuse of domestic sites in the landscape. Further examples from Scandinavia indicate that this is a common, but somewhat overlooked, practice.

scholarly journals About the horizon of the early Iron Age at the settlement-site of Zheleznodorozhnoye-1 explored in the western Trans-Kuban area

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy Narozhny ◽  
Pavel Sokov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Settlement Site

scholarly journals The horizon of the second and third quarter of the 6th century BC at the settlement of Maryanskoye 1 on the lower Kuban River

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Ivanov A. ◽  
◽  
Larenok P. ◽  
Podorozhnyj A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Kuban River

The paper deals with the materials of the early Iron Age from excavations of the settlement-site of Maryanskoye 1 investigated in the Krasnoarmeysk district of Krasnodar Kray on the bank of the Kuban River. The main attention is paid to the chronological horizon of the 6th century BC which is the main stratum at the site. In order to define its chronological position, an analysis is presented and analogues of the artefacts characteristic of Kuban sites of the early Maeotic period are attracted. Particular consideration is paid to Greek imports. The aggregate of the obtained data allows us to date the horizon under study to within the second–third quarter of the 6th century BC and its materials are to be considered in the context of the Maeotic culture.

The Toumba building at Lefkandi: a statistical method for detecting a design-unit

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
Jari Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Statistical Problem ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Methodological Paper

This methodological paper uses the measurements of the Early Iron Age Toumba building at Lefkandi to study whether a single design-unit can be detected in the data set. Cosine quantogram analysis is used in the initial analysis of the building dimensions and, in the second phase, the relevance of the obtained results is calculated by using Monte Carlo computer simulations. A statistically significant unit of c. 49 cm can be isolated, but because of the very limited number of precise dimensions, this result should only be accepted with caution. The case study demonstrates how the complex statistical problem of deriving the lengths of possibly used design-units in ancient architecture can be approached; metrological analyses can only gain from employing appropriate quantitative methods.

scholarly journals The Layout and Internal Development of Celtic Fields: Structural and Relative Chronological Analyses of Three Danish Field Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Helt Nielsen ◽  
Mads Kähler Holst ◽  
Ann Catherine Gadd ◽  
Klaus Kähler Holst
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Field System ◽  
Field Boundaries ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
Stochastic Optimization Algorithm

The layout and development of field systems may reflect significant aspects of prehistoric societies such as agricultural strategies, use rights and inheritance practices. This article presents a method for analysing the developments of field systems in their entirety, based on a hierarchical sorting of field boundaries whose intersections have been used to define relations of equivalence and subordination. The formalized relational expression of the field system is analysed using a stochastic optimization algorithm. The method was successfully applied to three Danish Celtic fields from the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age, making it possible to identify five principles behind the layout: primary boundaries (probably established at community level), major parcels (administered at a household level), structured subdivisions (presumably related to inheritance), irregular subdivisions, and small-scale expansions of the field systems. The initial degree of regularity of the field systems seems to have influenced later modifications.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon as a Tool for Modeling the Diachronic Analysis of the Occupation Phases at the Velzeke Site (Belgium)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 987-995
Author(s):  
Mark Van Strydonck ◽  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Johan Deschieter
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Field System ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Part ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

The oldest traces of Velzeke go back to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, followed by a Gallo-Roman settlement and a later medieval village. Although the excavations document the history of the site in general, radiocarbon was used to clarify the successive phases within each feature. The results showed that the ditches at the Roman settlement and the neighboring temple area were already used during the Late Iron Age. The filling up of the ditches could be 14C correlated to a Gallo-Roman occupation phase. The oldest Christian cemetery at the site of the medieval church predates the construction of an important Carolingian stone building (9th to 10th centuries.). The stratigraphically lowest sediments of the ditches, surrounding the Carolingian church, are synchronous with the latest fill of the Iron Age ditch. According to historical and top-onymical sources the area of the Iron Age ditch becomes at that time part of a medieval agricultural field system.

An Iron Cauldron-Rim from Letchworth, Herts

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Moss-Eccardt
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Formed Part

During excavations carried out for Letchworth Museum with the support of the Ministry of Public Building and Works in August 1961, the iron rim of a cauldron was discovered in the ditch of an Early Iron Age enclosure (fig. 1). The latter formed part of a large settlement site at Blackhorse Road which is situated about a mile from the centre of Letchworth (Nat. Grid. Ref. TL/233339). The cauldron-rim was joined to an iron collar and still retained its two ring-handles: the fragment was fairly complete (pl. XLV a).

Interim report on the structures at Howe, Stromness, Orkney

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Carter ◽  
D Haigh ◽  
N R J Neil ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Complex Series ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Iron Working

Summary Excavations at Howe revealed a complex series of settlements which spanned the whole of the Iron Age period and were preceded by two phases of Neolithic activity. A probable stalled cairn was succeeded by a Maes Howe type chambered tomb which was later followed by enclosed settlements of which only scant remains survived. These settlements were replaced by a roundhouse with earth-house, built into the ruins of the chambered tomb. The roundhouse was surrounded by a contemporary defended settlement. Rebuilding led to the development of a broch structure and village. Partial collapse of tower brought about changes in the settlement, andalthougk some houses were maintained as domestic structures, others were rebuilt as iron-working sheds. The construction of smaller buildings and a later Iron Age or Pictish extended farmstead into rubble collapse accompanied a decline in the size of the settlement. The abandonment of the farmstead marked the end of Howe as a settlement site.

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