scholarly journals Cytogenetic Studies on Three Species of Genus Burmagomphus of Family Gomphidae (Odonata: Anisoptera) from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walia Gurinder Kaur ◽  
Chahal Sarabjit Singh ◽  
Singh Navdeep
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Autosomal Bivalents ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Male germ cell chromosomes of Burmagomphus divaricatus, Burmagomphus pyramidalis and Burmagomphus sivalikensis of family Gomphidae have been investigated by using conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate staining and sequence specific staining. The species were collected from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India. All the species possess the chromosome number 2n = 23 which is the type number of the family. Terminal C bands and NOR’s are present at the autosomal bivalents and X chromosome is C positive and NOR rich in all the three species, while m bivalents show variation in distribution of C- heterochromatin and NOR’s. In the sequence specific staining, whole complement shows bright DAPI signals in B. divaricatus, bright CMA3 signals in B. pyramidalis and both DAPI and CMA3 signals in B. sivalikensis.

scholarly journals Chromosomal analysis of Astyanax fasciatus (PISCES, CHARACIDAE) from the Araguari river, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Torres-Mariano ◽  
S. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Regions ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Parana Basin

The genus Astyanax is one of the most numerous of the family Characidae, comprising a large number of similar-shaped species, but displaying innumerable karyotypic variations in its chromosome number and/or structure. The literature describes A. fasciatus populations with diploid chromosome numbers varying from 2n = 45 to 2n = 48. In this study, A. fasciatus specimens captured in the Araguari River (Alto Paraná basin) were cytogenetically characterized, revealing a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 46. The nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), detected with silver nitrate staining, showed a multiple system with two pairs of marked chromosomes. These findings are congruent with those of other studies involving populations of the same species.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic studies in three species of the genus Oligosarcus

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marceléia Rubert ◽  
Vladimir Pavan Margarido
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Karyotypic studies were carried out on three species of the genus Oligosarcus: O. paranensis, O. pintoi, and O. longisrostris. All of them showed a diploid number of 50 chromosomes and the same karyotypic formulae (4M + 10SM + 16ST + 20A). Silver nitrate staining revealed single NORs in O. longirostris and multiple NORs in O. paranensis and O. pintoi. Heterochromatin seemed to play an important role in the chromosomal diversification of these species. Based on cytogenetical data, speciation hypotheses within this group were proposed, reinforcing the importance of chromosomal studies for a better understanding of evolution within the genus Oligosarcus, as well as within the family Characidae.

The banded chromosomes of the muskox (Ovibos moschatus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Desaulniers ◽  
W. A. King ◽  
Janice E. Rowell ◽  
Peter F. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus), a member of the family Bovidae, has 48 chromosomes consisting of 12 biarmed and 34 acrocentric autosomes, an acrocentric X chromosome, and a small metacentric Y chromosome. To obtain more information about this species, chromosome preparations from cultured lymphocytes were R-banded, C-banded, or stained with silver nitrate. R-banding was sufficient to identify individual chromosomes. C-banding revealed prominent centromeric bands on all acrocentric chromosomes and very faint staining of the centromeric regions of the biarmed chromosomes. This pattern has been observed in other bovids, such as sheep and water buffalo, which also have biarmed and acrocentric chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining revealed a per metaphase average of 5.23 nucleolus organizer regions, the chromosomal sites of rRNA genes. The nucleolus organizer regions were located on the ends of the long arm of three pairs of submetacentric and two pairs of acrocentric autosomes. Similar numbers of terminally located nucleolus organizer regions have been observed in other bovids such as cattle, sheep, and goats. These results parallel those obtained in other members of the family and emphasize the general cytogenetic similarity within the Bovidae.

Cytogenetic studies on Sauria (Reptilia). I. Mitotic chromosomes of the Agamidae

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Solleder ◽  
M. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Dna Organization

The karotypes of nine species of the family Agamidae were analyzed with various banding techniques and conventional cytogenetic stainings. Whereas the examined species of the genera Calotes and Leiolepis exhibit conservative karyotypes, the chromosome number and chromosome morphology varies considerably within the genus Agama. This is attributed to centric fusions between telocentric chromosomes and pericentric inversions within the chromosomes. None of the species demonstrated multiple quinacrine banding patterns in the euchromatic segments of the metaphase chromosomes. This is probably due to the special DNA organization in these organisms.

Cytogenetic studies in relation to taxonomy within the family Gryllidae (Orthoptera). I. Subfamily Gryllinae

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-C. Lim ◽  
V. R. Vickery ◽  
D. K. McE. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Level ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Gryllus Campestris ◽  
And Behavior

Twelve species of Gryllinae were studied to determine the number, morphology and behavior of their chromosomes. The male diploid numbers ranged from 19 to 31. Gryllus campestris and a population of "G. bimaculatus" from Singapore showed anomalies in chromosome behavior and structure, including breaks, stickiness, C-mitosis, polyploidy, lagging, unequal segregation and non-disjunction in the former and many aberrations and loss of fertility in the latter. One or two B-chromosomes occurred in some individuals of G. veletis, the chromosome number of this species thus varying from 2n ♀ = 29 to 31. In the Gryllinae, karyotypic differences are shown to be more useful than chromosome number at the species level; differences in chromosome number are useful taxonomically at the generic level, when combined with differences in karyotypes.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus nigromaculatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marceléia Rubert ◽  
Cláudio H. Zawadzki ◽  
Lucia Giuliano-Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization

Hypostomus is the most speciose genus in the family Loricariidae, with approximately 120 species. These fish show a wide morphological and color variation, which hinders the identification of species, mainly of widely distributed representatives. The aim of this study was to contribute to the current knowledge on cytogenetic features of Hypostomus nigromaculatus. Three specimens of H. nigromaculatus, collected in two tributaries of rio Tibagi, Paraná, and in Cachoeira de Emas, rio Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, the latter being the type locality of H. nigromaculatus, were studied. Chromosomal preparations were submitted to Giemsa staining, silver nitrate impregnation, C-banding and CMA3 and DAPI fluorochromes staining. All samples presented 2n = 76, but the rio Mogi-Guaçu sample differed from those from tributaries of rio Tibagi in relation to karyotype formulae, distribution and composition of heterochromatin, and NOR location. The silver nitrate staining revealed the presence of multiple Ag-NORs for all samples, but with differences on the location on chromosomes. CMA3 staining reveled bright signals equivalent to NOR-bearing chromosomal segments; such sites were characterized by negative, i.e. unstained, marks after DAPI staining. The pattern of heterochromatin distribution was distinctive among samples from rio Mogi-Guaçu and tributaries of rio Tibagi. The differences observed between the sample from rio Mogi-Guaçu and the ones from tributaries of rio Tibagi allow us to suggest that these samples are presently isolated. Further analyses are necessary to ascertain whether such isolation refers to distinct populations or characterizes true different species.

scholarly journals Karyotype description and comparative analysis in Ringed Kingfisher and Green Kingfisher (Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Tiago Marafiga Degrandi ◽  
Jean Carlo Pedroso de Oliveira ◽  
Amanda de Araújo Soares ◽  
Mario Angel Ledesma ◽  
Iris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Chromosome Fusions ◽  
Size And Morphology

Kingfishers comprise about 115 species of the family Alcedinidae, and are an interesting group for cytogenetic studies, for they are among birds with most heterogeneous karyotypes. However, cytogenetics knowledge in Kingfishers is extremely limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the karyotype structure of the Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryletorquata Linnaeus, 1766) and Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryleamericana Gmelin, 1788) and also compare them with related species in order to identify chromosomal rearrangements. The Ringed Kingfisher presented 2n = 84 and the Green Kingfisher had 2n = 94. The increase of the chromosome number in the Green Kingfisher possibly originated by centric fissions in macrochromosomes. In addition, karyotype comparisons in Alcedinidae show a heterogeneity in the size and morphology of macrochromosomes, and chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 76 to 132. Thus, it is possible chromosomal fissions in macrochromosomes resulted in the increase of the diploid number, whereas chromosome fusions have originated the karyotypes with low diploid number.

POSTREDUCTION OF THE X-CHROMOSOME AND COMPLETE CHIASMA INTERFERENCE IN THE LAMPYRIDAE (COLEOPTERA)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley G. Smith ◽  
Doreen E. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Autosomal Bivalents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Five Tribes ◽  
Chiasma Interference

Five species representing four genera in three of the five tribes comprising the Lampyridae of North America, the only genera known cytologically, have nine pairs of autosomes and an XX (♂): XO (♀) sex-determining mechanism. A single individual of one species, Pyractomena angulata, carried supernumerary chromosomes, which varied in number in different cells from zero to four. The X-chromosome of males is strongly, positively heteropycnotic during early prophase; the X-bivalent of females is indistinguishable from the autosomal bivalents at pachytene. The complements of the five species are indistinguishable but within the complement there are considerable differences both in size and in the position of the centromeres. In all five species the chiasma frequency per cell is without exception nine: univalents not being encountered, the recombination index for the family, as known cytologically, stands uniformly at 81. Chiasma interference, being complete, must therefore extend across the centromere. The supernumeraries, which approximate one-half the size of the smallest regular autosome, have a chiasma frequency of ca. 0.25 per chromosome, or one-half that of the smallest autosome. They thus demonstrate that, contrary to the evidence provided by the regular complement, a length-frequency relationship exists among the latter but is masked by the totality of chiasma interference. As in other beetles, the centromeres are localized, but the lampyrids are unique in having postreductional division of the X in males. Other insect groups with postreduction have, or are reputed to have, diffuse centromeres: one, the Odonata, is invariably postreductional.

scholarly journals Karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Belosacris coccineipes (Acrididae-Leptysminae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Loreto ◽  
Maria José de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Several techniques including C-banding, fluorochromes and silver staining were used to obtain information about heterochromatin patterns in the grasshopper B. coccineipes. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 23 chromosomes in males and 2n = 24 in females, as well as XO:XX sex determination and acrotelocentric chromosomes. The medium-sized X chromosome was heteropycnotic positive at the beginning of prophase I and negative in metaphase I. C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks in the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining in this species showed three small bivalents (S9-S11) as nucleolar organizers with NORs located in the pericentromeric regions. CMA3-positive blocks were seen in pericentromeric regions of pairs M6, S9, S10 and S11. Sequential staining with CMA3/AgNO3 revealed homology between the CMA3-positive bands and NORs of the bivalents S9, S10 and S11. The CMA3-positive block of the bivalent M6 could represent a latent secondary NOR. The results obtained permit us to distinguish two categories of the constitutive heterochromatin in B. coccineipes.

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