scholarly journals Karyotype description and comparative analysis in Ringed Kingfisher and Green Kingfisher (Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Tiago Marafiga Degrandi ◽  
Jean Carlo Pedroso de Oliveira ◽  
Amanda de Araújo Soares ◽  
Mario Angel Ledesma ◽  
Iris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Chromosome Fusions ◽  
Size And Morphology

Kingfishers comprise about 115 species of the family Alcedinidae, and are an interesting group for cytogenetic studies, for they are among birds with most heterogeneous karyotypes. However, cytogenetics knowledge in Kingfishers is extremely limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the karyotype structure of the Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryletorquata Linnaeus, 1766) and Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryleamericana Gmelin, 1788) and also compare them with related species in order to identify chromosomal rearrangements. The Ringed Kingfisher presented 2n = 84 and the Green Kingfisher had 2n = 94. The increase of the chromosome number in the Green Kingfisher possibly originated by centric fissions in macrochromosomes. In addition, karyotype comparisons in Alcedinidae show a heterogeneity in the size and morphology of macrochromosomes, and chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 76 to 132. Thus, it is possible chromosomal fissions in macrochromosomes resulted in the increase of the diploid number, whereas chromosome fusions have originated the karyotypes with low diploid number.

CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PERSEA (LAURACEAE). I. KARYOLOGY OF SEVEN SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Garcia V.
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
World Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

Chromosome number determinations were made on 137 collections of seven Persea species. Persea americana Mill., P. schiedeana Nees, and P. aff. cinerascens Rands, had a diploid number of 24 as reported earlier. The first chromosome counts for four species are reported. Persea hintonii Allen (2n = 48) is the first tetraploid species found in this genus. Persea indica (L.) Spreng. (2n = 24) is the first Old World species to have its chromosome number reported. Persea donnell-smithii Mez and P. pachypoda Nees also have the diploid number (2n = 24). One triploid (2n = 36) and one tetraploid (2n = 48) individual were found in P. americana. Based on stomatal size, their maternal plants were considered to be triploid and diploid, respectively.This is the first karyotype study in Persea and also in the family Lauraceae. The karyotype in Persea is asymmetric. The chromosomes range in size from 2.3 µm to 6.1 µm. Persea americana has one pair of satellited chromosomes, which is the largest pair, two metacentric pairs and nine submetacentric pairs. Two of the submetacentric pairs are highly heterochromatic and both are attached to the nucleolus. All the other species have karyotypes very similar to P. americana.

scholarly journals Karyotypes of three species of Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) enable morphologically similar species to be distinguished

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cansanção Silva ◽  
Lucas Henrique Bonfim Souza ◽  
Juliana Chamorro-Rengifo ◽  
Douglas Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
The Difference

Phaneropterinae is the largest subfamily of Tettigoniidae, distributed across the globe. There are few cytogenetic studies regarding this group, as in the case of the genus group Aniarae, which represents only two karyotyped species. The current study aims to analyze cytogenetically three species of Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 from Brazil. The male diploid number of Hyperophoraminor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 and Hyperophoramajor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 is 2n♂= 31, whereas Hyperophorabrasiliensis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 has shown 2n♂= 29. These three species possess an X0 sex chromosome system and telo/acrocentric chromosome morphology. The only species found in the Pantanal biome, H.brasiliensis, can be chromosomally distinguished from the Cerrado biome species H.major and H.minor, due to the difference in chromosome number (2n♂= 29 and 2n♂= 31, respectively).

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

Cytogenetic studies on Sauria (Reptilia). I. Mitotic chromosomes of the Agamidae

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Solleder ◽  
M. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Dna Organization

The karotypes of nine species of the family Agamidae were analyzed with various banding techniques and conventional cytogenetic stainings. Whereas the examined species of the genera Calotes and Leiolepis exhibit conservative karyotypes, the chromosome number and chromosome morphology varies considerably within the genus Agama. This is attributed to centric fusions between telocentric chromosomes and pericentric inversions within the chromosomes. None of the species demonstrated multiple quinacrine banding patterns in the euchromatic segments of the metaphase chromosomes. This is probably due to the special DNA organization in these organisms.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Studies on Three Species of Genus Burmagomphus of Family Gomphidae (Odonata: Anisoptera) from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walia Gurinder Kaur ◽  
Chahal Sarabjit Singh ◽  
Singh Navdeep
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Autosomal Bivalents ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Male germ cell chromosomes of Burmagomphus divaricatus, Burmagomphus pyramidalis and Burmagomphus sivalikensis of family Gomphidae have been investigated by using conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate staining and sequence specific staining. The species were collected from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India. All the species possess the chromosome number 2n = 23 which is the type number of the family. Terminal C bands and NOR’s are present at the autosomal bivalents and X chromosome is C positive and NOR rich in all the three species, while m bivalents show variation in distribution of C- heterochromatin and NOR’s. In the sequence specific staining, whole complement shows bright DAPI signals in B. divaricatus, bright CMA3 signals in B. pyramidalis and both DAPI and CMA3 signals in B. sivalikensis.

scholarly journals Check-list of chromosome numbers of the family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) with new data on Circassina frutis

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Nana Bakhtadze ◽  
Nino Gabroshvili ◽  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Nino Gabroshvili
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Check List ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
First Time

Chromosome number data on the Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) are summarized and reviewed briefly in the context of the phylogeny of the family. In hygromiids, the haploid chromosome numbers range from 21 to 26. It is supposed that n = 21 is the ancestral chromosome number in the family. The modal haploid number for Hygromiidae is 23. Description of karyotype in terms of chromosome number and morphology of hygromiid land snail Circassina frutis is provided for the first time. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 2n = 46. The karyotype is symmetric and consists of 21 pairs of metacentric and 2 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formula is as follows: 2n = 42m + 4sm (n = 21m + 2sm). The fundamental number (FN) is 92. Chromosomes range in length from 2.53 μm for the smallest pair to 6.00 μm for the largest pair. The total length of chromosomes in diploid complement (TCL) is 170.40 ± 3.22 μm.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis based on replication banding reveals the mechanism responsible for the difference in the karyotype constitution of treefrogs Ololygon and Scinax (Arboranae, Hylidae, Scinaxinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lilian Gruber ◽  
Gabriela Isabela Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Zampieri Silva ◽  
Hideki Narimatsu ◽  
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Replication Banding ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Phylogenetic Revision ◽  
Dna Incorporation

According to the recent taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the family Hylidae, species of the former Scinaxcatharinae (Boulenger, 1888) clade were included in the resurrected genus Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843, while species of the Scinaxruber (Laurenti, 1768) clade were mostly included in the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830, and two were allocated to the newly created genus JulianusDuellman et al., 2016. Although all the species of the former Scinax genus shared a diploid number of 2n = 24 and the same fundamental number of chromosome arms of FN = 48, two karyotypic constitutions were unequivocally recognized, related mainly to the distinct size and morphology of the first two chromosome pairs. Some possible mechanisms for these differences had been suggested, but without any experimental evidence. In this paper, a comparison was carried out based on replication chromosome banding, obtained after DNA incorporation of 5-bromodeoxiuridine in chromosomes of Ololygon and Scinax. The obtained results revealed that the loss of repetitive segments in chromosome pairs 1 and 2 was the mechanism responsible for karyotype difference. The distinct localization of the nucleolus organizer regions in the species of both genera also differentiates the two karyotypic constitutions.

Cytogenetic studies in relation to taxonomy within the family Gryllidae (Orthoptera). I. Subfamily Gryllinae

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-C. Lim ◽  
V. R. Vickery ◽  
D. K. McE. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Level ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Gryllus Campestris ◽  
And Behavior

Twelve species of Gryllinae were studied to determine the number, morphology and behavior of their chromosomes. The male diploid numbers ranged from 19 to 31. Gryllus campestris and a population of "G. bimaculatus" from Singapore showed anomalies in chromosome behavior and structure, including breaks, stickiness, C-mitosis, polyploidy, lagging, unequal segregation and non-disjunction in the former and many aberrations and loss of fertility in the latter. One or two B-chromosomes occurred in some individuals of G. veletis, the chromosome number of this species thus varying from 2n ♀ = 29 to 31. In the Gryllinae, karyotypic differences are shown to be more useful than chromosome number at the species level; differences in chromosome number are useful taxonomically at the generic level, when combined with differences in karyotypes.

Insects found in birds’ nests from Argentina: cytogenetic studies in Cimicidae (Hemiptera) and its taxonomical and phylogenetic implications

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2315 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA G. POGGIO ◽  
MARIA J. BRESSA ◽  
ALBA G. PAPESCHI ◽  
OSVALDO DI IORIO ◽  
PAOLA TURIENZO
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

The Cimicidae (Hemiptera) are known to be blood ectoparasites primarily on birds and bats. Three species of the subfamily Haematosiphoninae are known from Argentina: Acanthocrios furnarii, Ornithocoris toledoi, and Psitticimex uritui; all feed on diverse avian hosts. The chromosome number and male meiosis of A. furnarii, and P. uritui from new Argentinean samples are analyzed and compared with previous data. The sample of A. furnarii described by Ueshima (1966) with 2n = 32 + XY (male), strikingly differs from the present results (2n = 10 + XY, male). The diploid number of P. uritui agree with the previously reported by Ueshima (1966), 2n = 28 + X 1 X 2 Y (male). Taxonomical implications about the identity of A. furnarii are discussed and the mechanisms of the karyotype evolution of species belonging to Haematosiphoninae are proposed.

scholarly journals Comparative Chromosome Mapping of Musk Ox and the X Chromosome among Some Bovidae Species

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Proskuryakova ◽  
Kulemzina ◽  
Perelman ◽  
Yudkin ◽  
Lemskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Musk Ox ◽  
Relic Species

: Bovidae, the largest family in Pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. The bovid X chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. Here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), a relic species originating from Pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. We trace chromosomal rearrangements during Bovidae evolution by comparing species already studied by chromosome painting. The musk ox karyotype differs from the ancestral pecoran karyotype by six fusions, one fission, and three inversions. We discuss changes in pecoran ancestral karyotype in the light of new painting data. Variations in the X chromosome structure of four bovid species nilgai bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), gaur (Bos gaurus), and Kirk’s Dikdik (Madoqua kirkii) were further analyzed using 26 cattle BAC-clones. We found the duplication on the X in saola. We show main rearrangements leading to the formation of four types of bovid X: Bovinae type with derived cattle subtype formed by centromere reposition and Antilopinae type with Caprini subtype formed by inversion in XSB3.

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