scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of fungicides and salicylic acid against charcoal rot under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Habiba Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Further work on the comparative efficacy of different culicifuges under laboratory conditions

Parasitology ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Roy ◽  
S. M. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

A preliminary report on the results of our studies on the comparative efficacy of different culicifuges under laboratory conditions has been published (Roy, Ghosh & Chopra, 1942).

scholarly journals Resistance-inducing chemicals against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Santiago ◽  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Various resistance-inducing chemicals were assessed in the interaction between mango (Mangifera indica L.) and the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. These were salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid S-methyl ester (Actigard®)7, and other chemical compounds structurally similar, such as nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, isonicotinic acid ethyl ester, N-oxide isonicotinic acid, benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in C. gloeosporioidescolony growth were detected on culture media amended with the different resistance-inducing chemicals evaluated. At laboratory conditions, these compounds were sprayed to runoff on mango leaves and fruit pieces prior to inoculation. Lesion size was significantly reduced (P > 0.10) by concentrations ranging from 10-12 M to 10-6 M of salicylic acid (SA), 10-18 M and 10-14 M of isonicotinic acid (INA), 10-17 M to 10-2 M of Actigard®, and 10-10 M benzoic acid (BA). Salicylic acid, INA and BA caused toxicity on leaves at concentrations ranging from 10-1 to 10-3 M. Chemical compounds that induced resistance at laboratory conditions were further evaluated on six-month-old mango seedlings in a shade house. None of the chemicals tested significantly (P > 0.05) reduced lesion size caused by C. gloeosporioides. Other resistance-inducing chemicals not tested during these studies, such as probenazole, cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives, non-protein amino acids [β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and  ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] and Phytoguard®, should be evaluated individually and in combinations to clarify this lack of induced resistance in mango tissues. 

Comparative efficacy of different culicifuges under laboratory conditions

Parasitology ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Roy ◽  
S. M. Ghosh ◽  
R. N. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Citronella Oil

Among a very large number of preparations reputed to possess mosquito-repellent properties, only a few are really efficacious. The most commonly used preparations are those prepared with citronella oil. Definite information, however, on the comparative efficiency of many of these preparations is lacking. It was therefore our object to determine the value of different culicifuges under laboratory conditions. The experimental results obtained in this connexion are sufficiently promising to justify their publication, especially because owing to the war the want of an effective and a cheap culicifuge is all the more important.

scholarly journals Identification of New Biocontrol Agent against Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6856
Author(s):  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
Rabia Naz ◽  
Asia Nosheen ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Hassan ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Bacillus Clausii ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Rot Disease

Controlling agricultural pests using suitable biocontrol agents has been considered the best strategy for sustainable agriculture. Charcoal rot caused by a necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is responsible for a 30–50% annual reduction in soybean yield worldwide. Little is known about the role of Bacillus clausii in reducing charcoal rot disease severity in the soybean crop. In this study, we investigated plant growth promoting and antagonistic potential of Pseudomonas putida (MT604992) and Bacillus clausii (MT604989) against charcoal rot disease incidence in soybean. Among twenty bacteria isolated from soil and water samples of two different hot springs of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, 80% were siderophore positive; 65% were hydrogen cyanide (HCN) positive; 55%, 30%, and 75% were phosphate, potassium, and zinc solubilizers, respectively. Based on higher antagonistic activities and plant growth promoting traits five strains were selected for in vitro screening. Out of all tested strains, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus clausii showed a significant increase in germination, growth, and disease suppression in soybean. These strains produced a pronounced increase in relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, proline, antioxidant enzymes status, phytohormones content (Salicylic acid, and Jasmonic acid), and disease suppression in comparison to control plants. Bacillus clausii mitigated the disease by 97% with a marked increase in the proline content (73% and 89%), superoxide dismutase (356% and 208%), peroxidase (439% and 138.6%), catalase (255.8% and 80.8%), and ascorbate peroxidase (228% and 90%) activities in shoots and roots, respectively. Infected plants showed an increase in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid content which was further increased with the application of the selected strains to increase resistance against pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a rise in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in Macrophomina phaseolina infected plants. These two strains are suggested as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides. However, there is a need to explore the field testing and molecular mechanisms leading to disease suppression by these strains.

The study of neonicotinoids baits on susceptible laboratory culture of pharaoh ants

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Olga Yurevna Eremina ◽  
◽  
Veronika Valentinovna Olifer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Presence And Absence

Comparative efficacy of neonicotinoid-based baits (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid) intended for control of the Pharaoh ant was studied. The death of workers, queens and brood occurs within 2–4 weeks. The minimum effective concentrations of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in granulated sugar, which ensure the death of ant colonies in the presence and absence of an alternative food, were revealed. Under laboratory conditions, when the colonies of the Pharaoh ant were fed with such baits, after 4 weeks of the experiment the depletion of the colony was noted (death of queens was 75–100 %, and critical decrease in the number of live workers and brood was occured). Dry sugar baits based on 0.1–1.0 % acetamiprid have no significant effect on the viability of the ant colony.

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