Introduction of information technologies at the disinfection profile enterprise by example Moscow City Disinfection Center

In accordance with the national strategy "Sanitary Shield of the Country – Safety for Health," tasks were set for the analysis and assessment of risks in the field of biological safety. To do this: the Moscow City Disinfection Center is connected to a single dispatch system of the UNIT of the Department of Housing and Communal Services of Moscow, an Algorithm for working on the UNIT portal has been developed and uniform deadlines and procedure for fulfilling applications have been determined, the form of primary documentation has been determined. A unit is organized – the Unified Information and Analytical Center, whose tasks include organizing and conducting a single centralized reception, analysis and processing of incoming information (applications for unscheduled disinfection, deratization and disinsection, summary of rodent bites), generation and compilation of reports, as well as consulting support for real-time requests and appeals of the population, customers of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Moscow State Central Executive Committee, regulatory bodies through all available communication channels (telephone, e-mail, etc.). The scoring information system of assessment of a sanitary and sanitary and hygienic condition of objects is developed: apartment houses of the city of Moscow with the territories adjoining to them. The introduction of integrated work of these systems as a whole will allow organizations of the disinfection profile: to reduce the cost of deratizations, to reduce the number of disinfectants without reducing the quality of work, to avoid the excessive use of poisoned decoys, which will dramatically increase public health and safety of the population, as well as reduce the burden on the environment of the city of Moscow. Keywords: sanitary shield of the country, information and analytical center, scoring system of assessment of sanitary and epidemiological condition, electronic systems of rodent monitoring, biological safety, biological risk assessment, biological risk analysis, information support of disinfection activities, digitalization of disinfection measures.

Problems of disinfectological provision of the population in the pandemic period of COVID-19 infection in the Republic of Moldova

The principles of organizing and implementing anti-epidemic, including disinfectological measures for COVID-19 infection were studied, and the results of the state of readiness of interested services in the localization and elimination of focuses of coronavirus infection were presented. It was noted that the untimely solution of existing problems of a socio-economic nature contributed to the development of the pandemic process of COVID-19 infection. In the initial period of the development of the pandemic in most countries of the world, including Moldova, the system for monitoring and actively detecting cases of the population of COVID-19 did not work. Lack of disinfection services and insufficiently trained disinfectologists lead to untimely and poor-quality disinfection measures. The role of the disinfectological service in ensuring the epidemiological well-being of the population is argued. The necessity of creating a new, comprehensive system for protecting the country’s population from especially dangerous infectious diseases has been substantiated. Keywords: disinfection measures, biocides, treatment and prevention organizations, pandemic process, technologies, methods, forces and means, provision, infectious diseases, COVID-19 infection

Reform of control and supervisory activities. Changes in the regulatory framework for disinfection activities

The reform of control and supervisory activities intended to exclude old and irrelevant acts and outdated norms, fix accurate and understandable rules, as well as exclude unreasonable and redundant norms in various areas. It was called the “regulatory guillotine" and involves a complete revision of the mandatory requirements for business. Comparison the SanPiN 3.3686-21 “Sanitary and epidemiologic requirements for prevention of infectious diseases" with earlier existing health regulations in the field of disinfection, disinsection, deratization was made. Changes in the regulatory framework in the field of disinfection activities are a necessity and a fait accompli. SanPiNs contain requirements, and their compliance can be verified by the relevant supervisory authorities. Reducing the number of requirements corresponds to the goals set by the reform - this will reduce the administrative burden on business and supervisory authorities. Keywords: reform of control and supervision activities, regulatory guillotine, changes in legislation, disinfection activities, legal acts in the field of disinfectology.

Assessment of effectiveness of organizational measures for prevention of COVID-19 among employees of large industrial enterprises

According to the regional information fund of social and hygienic monitoring, 1518 cases of 01.07.2021 diseases were registered among those working at industrial enterprises of the Republic of Buryatia as of COVID-19, of which the share of the joint-stock company Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant (hereinafter – U-UAP, aviation plant) accounts for 30.8 % or 467 cases, in the public joint-stock company Territorial Generating Company No. 14 (hereinafter – TGC-14, heat power plant) – 15.7 % or 239 cases. The incidence rate of COVID-19 in U-UAP amounted to 871.76 per 10 thousand workers, in TGC-14 – 2280.53 per 10 thousand workers. The evaluation of the effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention showed that the complex of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures taken in the pandemic among those working at the aviation plant ensured the control of the spread of the incidence of coronavirus infection by 2.6 times, compared with the heat power plant. Keywords: disinfectants, new coronavirus infection of COVID-19, industrial enterprises, sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures, Republic of Buryatia.

Experience in organizing disinfection measures in the context of the 2020 pandemic of coronavirus infection

Ensuring biosafety in the territory of the country is one of the key functions (tasks) of the state. The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has affected absolutely all areas of human activity in all countries of the world. Approaches to prevention have not changed, but the whole country has faced a number of challenges at various levels. With a sharply increased demand for non-specific prophylaxis (including skin antiseptics and disinfectants), not all manufacturers were ready to meet the demand with a quality product. The scarcity of resources (raw materials, components, cash shortages, personnel, etc.) constrained the rapid increase in production capacity to ensure a sharply increased demand. Keywords: pandemic COVID-19, disinfectants, skin antiseptics.

Evaluation of the sensitizing effect of a disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde upon inhalation

When investigating new disinfectants, it is necessary to assess the degree of their danger by modeling the conditions of use. As is known, the main danger of disinfectants, especially volatiles, is posed by the inhalation route of entry into the body, exerting an irritating effect on the respiratory organs, as well as a general toxic and sensitizing effect. Despite reasonable restrictions on the use of disinfectants from the aldehyde class for decontamination of the surfaces of premises and equipment, state registration receives disinfectants based on glutaraldehyde (GA), intended for wide use in various areas, including everyday life, which is unacceptable. Experiments were carried out to confirm the danger of using GA-based disinfectants. Sensitizing effect of GA-based disinfectant under conditions of surface treatment by rubbing method is studied. Significant release of GA into the air after surface treatment (27.7±4.1 mg/m3) was detected. The concentration of GA in the air decreased by 4.5 times after 6 hours of ventilation. The sensitizing effect of the GA-based agent was determined on guinea pigs by a provocative ear swelling test and a leukocyte specific lysis reaction. The results of the study indicate a pronounced sensitizing effect of the agent. Keywords: glutaraldehyde, toxicity, disinfectants, disinfection, sensitization, inhalation, guinea pigs.

Study of the skin-resorptive effect of a skin antiseptic based on polyvinylpyrollidone-iodineОценка эффективности профилактических дезинфекционных мероприятий на основе комплексного анализа микробиома мест содержания служебных собак

The skin-resorptive effect of a skin antiseptic based on polyvinylpyrollidone-iodine on immature rats of different ages was studied.The skin-resorptive effect of the drug in doses of 5.0 and 0.5 g/kg was revealed on 2–6 week-old rats. The animals showed changes in thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as general toxic indicators. Absorption of the drug through the skin at a dose of 0.5 g/kg on 4–8 week old rat pups has not been established. The rationale for the use of a skin antiseptic for the hygienic treatment of hands containing PVP-iodine in the age group of children from 8 years old is given. Keywords: toxicity, skin-resorptive effect, immature white rats, skin antiseptic, iodine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Disinfection in public venues and transport as a way to prevent the spread of COVID-19

The article addresses to the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It covers detailed features and ways of coronavirus infection spreading in public venues, factors that affect the viability of the Coronaviridae family viruses, and the infection after-effects for people. Methodological and technical means of processing public transport and crowded places in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) analysis has been carried out. The assessment of inactivating effectiveness of the basic chemical groups of disinfectants (oxygen-active; chloactive; cationic surfactants) is presented. The features of air masses and surfaces disinfection by the ultraviolet irradiation method are described. Special aspects and factors influencing the installations quality are considered, recommendations for the use of UV emitters of various types are given. The given study presents the general concept and current requirements for disinfection measures in public venues and transport in the context of coronavirus infection spreading. Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, disinfection, novel coronavirus infection, sanitary epidemic control measures, transport, public venues.

Validation of the method for evaluating the efficacy of food baits against pharaoh ant colonies

The validation of the method for testing the effectiveness of food baits against colonies of the Pharaoh ant using experiments with commercially produced and laboratory-prepared sugar baits containing insecticides from different chemical groups was carried out. We studied baits based on boron compounds (boric acid and sodium tetraborate), neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid), oxadiazines (indoxacarb), phenylpyrazoles (fipronil), carbamates (methomyl), pyrroles (chlorfenapyr) amidinohydrazones (hydramethylnon), avermectins (abamectin), and insect growth regulators (pyriproxyfen). The proposed algorithm for conducting experiments covers the whole variety of active ingredients of insecticides used in baits. The verification of several dozen products intended for the elimination of colonies of the Pharaoh ant has shown that most of the products are suitable for the requirements for efficacy indices. Keywords: Pharaoh ant, insecticidal baits.

Efficacy of chlorfenapyr- and hydramethylnon-based baits on laboratory colonies of the pharaoh ant

The effectiveness of insecticidal baits based on chlorfenapyr and hydramethylnone against colonies of the Pharaoh ant has been studied. Sugar baits containing 0.1–1.0 % chlorfenapyr are ineffective because after 4 weeks of the experiment, the viability of the colonies was not changed. Sugar baits based on 1 % hydramethylnon effectively destroyed workers, the effect on queens was weak, and depletion of the colony was achieved. Commercially produced baits effectively and completely destroy ant colonies both in the absence and in the presence of alternative food. Keywords: Pharaoh ant, baits, chlorfenapyr, hydramethylnon.