FORMULATION OF CINNAMON BARK ESSENTIAL OIL GEL AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT

Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation. Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection is calculated by the percentage of protection power. Results: The studies showed that all the gel preparations qualified the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH parameters. The viscosity, gel adhesion, and spreadability are also stable during storage. Conclusion: Based on the results, the best gel is the formula I which has mosquito repellent activity effective for 6 h like DEET.

Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by Planting Lemongrass at SMK 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is characterized by a sudden fever of two to seven days without a clear cause, weakness or lethargy, restlessness, heartburn accompanied by signs of bleeding on the skin in the form of bleeding spots, bruising or rashes. sometimes nosebleeds, bloody stools, vomiting blood, decreased consciousness or shock. This PKM aims to provide detailed information about DHF and how to prevent DHF using lemon grass. After participating in this lesson, participants are expected to be able to understand what dengue is, the benefits of lemongrass and know how to plant lemongrass in their neighborhood. The method used in this research is to conduct counseling and distribute pretest and posttest. The results show that this community service program can increase students' knowledge by 64.3% related to the dangers of dengue fever, the benefits of lemongrass as a mosquito repellent plant and how to plant lemongrass correctly.

A review on bioactive constituents of essential oils as mosquito repellent

Currently, the research focus has been on finding new alternatives to synthetic mosquito repellents due to their toxicity. Natural products act as a suitable alternative since plant-based mosquito repellents have been used traditionally due to their low toxicity. Essential oils as mosquito repellent have gained importance due to various functional bioactive constituents. Different formulations of essential oils have been studied from time to time to enhance the stability and protection time. However, the underlying mechanism of repellent activity of the bioactive constituents against specific mosquito species remains unexplored. This review focuses on the various sources of essential oil with their bioactive components and their receptor-based mechanism of action for inducing mosquito repellency against different mosquito species. Furthermore, a comparison of the various formulations of essential oil-based mosquito repellents with synthetic repellents has been discussed.

Penyuluhan Tentang Demam Berdarah (DBD) dan Tanaman Pengusir Nyamuk Di Lingkungan Kecamatan Manggala Kota Makassar

Manggala District is one of the sub-districts in Makassar City which often faces cases of Dengue Fever. Dengue fever is a disease transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The breeding of Aedes Aegypti is increasing due to the increasingly crowded conditions of buildings and housing. These mosquitoes not only live in dirty water environments, but also in clean water such as bathtubs, water reservoirs, and others. Some community members still have limited knowledge and understanding of effective ways of dealing with dengue cases, as well as the use of plant species that can be used to repel mosquitoes. The purpose of the service is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the community about dengue fever and the use of mosquito repellent plants. The extension method is the presentation by the extension team, the discussion stage, and the evaluation stage. The results show an increase in public knowledge and understanding of dengue disease and the use of mosquito repellent plants. The conclusion is that the community finally knows the dangers of dengue disease and knows the types of mosquito repellent plants.

Formulation and evaluation of eco-friendly handmade herbal mosquito repellent cone

A mosquito belongs to the insect-family Culicidae, order Diptera, suborder Nematocera and class Insecta. Mosquito act as vector which carries many disease causing parasites and viruses. Preventing mosquito spread is immensely necessary to stop spread of various contagious diseases. Now days, uses of plant based mosquito repellent have increased as synthetic repellents contains many noxious chemicals which can cause possible toxicity like skin toxicity and causes swelling, redness, itching and many health problems. The herbal mosquito repellent cones were prepared by using saw dust, cow dung, gum acacia, neem powder, eucalyptus powder and lemon grass powder. Lemon grass has insecticidal property. Saw dust increases the combustion. Gum acacia act as binder. Cow dung shows antioxidant and mosquito repellent property. Neem has mosquito repellent property. Herbal mosquito repellent cone were prepared by hand rolling method. The evaluation parameters of herbal mosquito repellent cone contain burning time (min), smoke visibility, odor, irritation test, ash weight (g.) and mosquito repellent activity. The formulation LNC containing lemon grass powder along with neem powder and cow dung in equal ratio shows best activity and maximum effectiveness in reducing mosquito number in comparison with all other formulations. In present study, the powders used in formulation were herbal based and eco-friendly and producing no side-effect on use. Here an attempt has been made to find out the novel formulation of different herbal plant powders containing alone and with combination for mosquito repellent cone.

Development and Evaluation of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Cream

Mosquito repellent is a product that is applied to the skin or other surfaces to deter insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. The interest in plant-based repellants has been revived seeing that the development of resistance, cross-resistance and possible toxicity hazards associated with synthetic insecticides and their rising cost. The present study aimed towards the development and evaluation of safe and efficient herbal mosquito repellent from leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo, and Ocimum gratissimum. Six different types of formulation (Type-1 to 6) were prepared using each plant extract and optimized ingredients. The mosquito repellent activity of the formulation was tested using the arm-in-cage method. One skin rubbed with a small quantity of formulation was exposed to 20 mosquitoes and the number of mosquitoes that aligned or biting the arm was recorded in each minute for five minutes. The most effective repellent activity of the Type2 formulation was 87.5% (Y-shaped Model) and 91.62% (Rectangular-shaped Model). The Type1, Type3, Type4, Type5 and Type6 formulation showed 66.62% , 58.25%, 68.75%, 70.75% and 62.5% repellent activity in Y shaped model and 66.62%, 62.5%, 70.75%, 83.25% and 62.5% repellent activity in Rectangular shaped model respectively. During these studies, we found that Hexane extract showed higher repellent activity. No allergic reactions were observed upon the skin. So, it is a safe product. The formulation was ecological, economical and highly efficient.

Comparitive Study of Formulated Herbal Mosquito Repellent Incense Sticks with Market Product

The mosquito repellent formulations that are available on the market are causing irritations like coughing, sneezing, allergic reactions and respiratory disorders to human.The mosquito repellents available in the market are in various forms like colis,mats,sprays and fast cards. So the present study was carried out to formulate mosquito repellent incense sticks using herbals like Vitex negundo, Neem, Holy basil, and Garlic. The poly herbal mosquito repellent formulation are made by hand rolling method.The solid formulation containing binders and additives are rolled in the form of incense sticks and dried for 24 hrs. After drying its evaluated and compared with the market formulation. The prepared herbal mosquito incense sticks are potent, safe with more duration of time and less cost.

The Effect of Insect Repellent Exposure on Leukocyte Profile and Histopathologic Findings in Lungs

Organophosphate compounds in insect repellent have a role in contributing to mosquito mortality but have toxic effects for humans when exposed for a long time. The research is aimed to analyze the effect of insect repellent exposure in blood leukocyte profile and histopathologic findings in lungs. The study used thirty males Rattus novergicus, which were divided into three groups, such as electric liquid insect repellent (P1) with contain 0.031% dimefluthrin, anti-mosquito coils (P2) with 0.014% dimefluthrin, and electric mat mosquito repellent with 0.566% dimefluthrin for 8 hours in 20 days respectively. Leukocyte profiles were determined by using the blood smear method, and the lung’s health was identified by histopathologic findings. Based on the results study showed mosquito coils exposure increase the lymphocytes count. Meanwhile, the electric liquid-repellent increased the basophil’s numbers. The electric mat exposure had more eosinophils, neutrophils stab, neutrophils segment, and monocytes in the blood. The leukocyte profile of each group showed there were no statistically significant differences (P-value > 0.05). Based on histopathology, lung findings showed that the electric mat exposure contributed to cells degeneration 7.5% and pleural thickening 30%. The higher dimefluthrin concentrations in insect repellents could affect leukocyte profile and lungs health.