scholarly journals The Probable Critical Role of Early Holocene Monsoon Activity in Siting the Origins of Rice Agriculture in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dodson ◽  
Hsiao-chun Hung ◽  
Chenzi Li ◽  
Jianyong Li ◽  
Fengyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
The Pearl River

The long process of rice domestication likely started 10,000–8,000 years ago in China, and the pre-existing hunter-gatherer communities gradually adopted more sedentary lifestyles with the dependence of rice agricultural economies. The archeological evidence builds a strong case for the first domestication of rice to Oryza sativa centered in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley during the early Holocene. The genetic evidence identifies the main ancestor of O. sativa was O. rufipogon, however, this now occurs naturally south of the Yangtze where its distribution is limited by summer temperatures and mean annual temperature. The mismatch between occurrence of ancestors and presumed sites of early cultivation leads to a number of hypotheses. These include that first domestication actually took place further south, such as in the Pearl River valley but archeological evidence is currently lacking for this. Or domestication took place, when O. rufipogon had a more extensive natural range in the past. Early to mid-Holocene palaeoclimate reconstructions show that the East Asian Summer Monsoon was more active in the early Holocene and estimates show that the temperature requirements for O. rufipogon were met for a substantial area of northeast China at the time. This would mean that earliest known domestication sites and presumed ancestor distribution coincided for several millennia. Thus early records of rice farming in Henan and Shandong were easily accommodated by early to mid Holocene climates.

scholarly journals Link between East Asian summer monsoon and sedimentation in river-mouth sandbars since the early Holocene preserved in the Yangtze River subaqueous delta front

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Marcello Gugliotta ◽  
Yoshiki Saito ◽  
Lilei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Asian Summer

AbstractThis paper presents geochemical and grain-size records since the early Holocene in core ECS0702 with a fine chronology frame obtained from the Yangtze River subaqueous delta front. Since ~9500 cal yr BP, the proxy records of chemical weathering from the Yangtze River basin generally exhibit a Holocene optimum in the early Holocene, a weak East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) period during the middle Holocene, and a relatively strong EASM period in the late Holocene. The ~8.2 and ~4.4 cal ka BP cooling events are recorded in core ECS0702. The flooding events reconstructed by the grain-size parameters since the early Holocene suggest that the floods mainly occurred during strong EASM periods and the Yangtze River mouth sandbar caused by the floods mainly formed in the early and late Holocene. The Yangtze River-mouth sandbars since the early Holocene shifted from north to south, affected by tidal currents and the Coriolis force, and more importantly, controlled by the EASM. Our results are of great significance for enriching both the record of Holocene climate change in the Yangtze River basin and knowledge about the formation and evolution progress of the deltas located in monsoon regions.

Differentiated roles of mean climate and climate stability on post-glacial birch distributions in northern China

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1758-1766
Author(s):  
Hao Qian ◽  
Liu Hongyan ◽  
Yang Shilei ◽  
Yang Weihua ◽  
Song Zhaoliang
Keyword(s):  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Climate Stability ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Mean Climate

Past changes in the distribution of tree species are critical to predict future vegetation dynamics under changing climate conditions. In this study, pollen-based reconstruction with 60 pollen records from mid-latitude region was performed in China. Betula emerged after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when the climate ameliorated gradually. The distribution range was small but increased significantly during the early Holocene. However, when the climate was wet and warm during the mid-Holocene, the distribution range did not continue to expand. The relationships between the percentages of Betula pollen and the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) or its variability were positively correlated, while those of Betula and Pinus had opposite trends in the study region. Besides, the post-glacial distribution dynamics of Betula platyphylla and Betula dahurica were influenced by climate change which were simulated by species distribution models (SDMs). We conclude that birch distribution in mid-latitudinal northern China was mainly driven by the EASM or its variability, especially during the LGM and early Holocene when the climate was unstable, while the replacement by Pinus and Quercus occurred during the mid-Holocene when the climate remained stable. The future unstable climate may benefit birch development.

scholarly journals The influence of obliquity in the early Holocene Asian summer monsoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 4524-4530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hua Wu ◽  
Shih-Yu Lee ◽  
John C. H. Chiang ◽  
Huang-Hsiung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Asian Summer

Grass habitat analysis and phytolith-based quantitative reconstruction of Asian monsoon climate change in the sand-loess transitional zone, northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanlin Wang ◽  
Huayu Lu ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Shuangwen Yi ◽  
Yao Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Reconstruction ◽  
Climate Parameters ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Asian Summer

AbstractWe investigated climate niches of grasses at regional scales and quantitatively reconstruct Asian monsoon precipitation at the sand-loess transitional zone in northern China. Our results provide direct evidence that certain grass lineages have been specialized in specific habitats: Pooideae grasses stand out and occupy a much cooler environment than all other subfamilies; Pooideae, Aristidoideae, and Chloridoieae occupy dry environments. Pooideae grasses occupy the coldest and driest environments compared to all other subfamilies, with a mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) of ~13.6 to ~15.3°C and 224 to ~1674 mm, respectively, at a regional scale. We built a database for grasses and their corresponding climate parameters. Based on this database, past climate parameters at the margin of the Asian summer monsoon since ~70 ka were quantitatively reconstructed by phytolith assemblages. They show that this area was dominated by cold- and dry-adapted grasses since ~70 ka with a MAT and MAP of ~3.3 to ~11.0 °C and ~442 to ~900 mm, respectively, generally consistent with the results of phytolith-based transfer function reconstructions and with the results of previous nearby pollen-based quantitative reconstructions. With the improvement of the species-climate and ecosystem dataset, our database-based method is a promising quantitative reconstruction approach to past climatic change in the monsoon region.

Timing and duration of the East Asian summer monsoon maximum during the Holocene based on stalagmite data from North China

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Hai Cheng ◽  
Jingyao Zhao ◽  
Xunlin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Humidity Change ◽  
Asian Summer

We present a continuous C-O isotope series that shows the detailed variability of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) since 11.0 ka BP. The series is based on two stalagmites, namely, DSY1 and LM2, which were, respectively, obtained from Dongshiya and Laomu caves. The δ18O profiles of stalagmite excurse negatively in early Holocene and gradually become positive after around 6.9 ka BP, tracking the change in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Moreover, the ‘early-Holocene maximum’ supported by stalagmite δ18O records differs from the ‘mid-Holocene maximum’ indicated by geological archives, such as lake sediments and loess. This difference may be caused by different definition indicators of monsoon intensity. Stalagmite δ18O is relative to EASM intensity, but irrelative to precipitation in the East Asian monsoon region. The time intervals of EASM maximum and Holocene climatic optimum are desynchronized, which is confirmed by the variation in the stalagmite δ13C series. Stalagmite δ13C and δ18O have different variation tendencies. The tendency of δ13C in early mid-Holocene was generally light, but it was discontinuity and disrupted by rapid positive shift between 8.2 and 7.7 ka BP. We conclude that a rapid shift of about 8 ka BP is a turning point, before and after which δ13 C acquires different controlling factors. Stalagmite δ13 C showed no signs of positive excurse in late Holocene but it exhibited another characteristic, namely, millennial time scale oscillations. The few changes in stalagmite δ13 C is attributed to weakened insolation during summer in the northern hemisphere, which leads to low evaporation rate, thereby modulating effective humidity change. The edge of the seasonal monsoonal front in northern China during monsoon recession is sensitive to the rain belt and causes the δ13 C of the stalagmite to fluctuate greatly. This phenomenon shows that the climate in the study area is unstable in the late Holocene

scholarly journals ENSO-Like Pacing of the Asian Summer Monsoon during the Early Holocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Shao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yongjin Wang ◽  
Hai Cheng ◽  
Kan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Asian Summer

scholarly journals Early-Holocene monsoon instability and climatic optimum recorded by Chinese stalagmites

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunlin Yang ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Baoyan Wang ◽  
Li-Jung Huang ◽  
Chuan-Chou Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Classical View ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Chinese Stalagmite

The timing and duration of the Holocene East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) maximum and the interpretation of Chinese stalagmite δ18O records have long been disputed. Notably, interpretations of Holocene EASM variations are frequently based on a single record or study area and are often contradictory. In this study, we conducted stable isotope analyses of four Holocene stalagmites from Chongqing, southwest China. The results reveal differences in the timing of the Holocene EASM maximum and to try to resolve the inconsistency we analyzed and statistically integrated a total of 16 Holocene stalagmite records from 14 caves in the EASM region. The resulting synthesized Holocene stalagmite δ18O (δ18Osyn) record is in agreement with other EASM records and confirms that stalagmite δ18O records are a valid indicator of EASM intensity, rather of local precipitation amount. The δ18Osyn record shows that the EASM intensified rapidly from the onset of the early Holocene; notably, however, there were distinct EASM oscillations in the early Holocene, consisting of three abrupt millennial-scale events. This indicates that, contrary to several previous interpretations, the early Holocene EASM was unstable. Subsequently, during 8–6 kyr BP, the EASM was relatively stable and strong, with the strongest monsoon occurring during 8–7 kyr BP. This evidence of a stable and strong mid-Holocene EASM in eastern China is in accord with the classical view of a mid-Holocene Optimum in China.

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