scholarly journals Volcanic Risk Mitigation that Could Have Been Derailed but Wasn’t: Pinatubo, Philippines 1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Newhall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Mitigation Effort ◽  
Scientific Judgment ◽  
Early Alert

This is the story of a successful risk mitigation effort at Mount Pinatubo in 1991 that could easily have failed. The counterfactuals are the myriad of ways that the effort could have failed but didn’t. Forecasts for a large, VEI 6 eruption were the basis of 10, 20, 30 and, during the climactic eruption, even 40 km radius evacuations. Let’s use the metaphor of a train headed for the destination of successful mitigation, but that could have easily have been derailed or slowed and shunted off to a siding. Among the possible nodes of derailment: capability and trust between responding institutions; external distractions, both natural and man-made; early alert; scientific judgment of whether, when, and how big an eruption will occur; stochastic or unpredictable factors that can make even the best scientific judgment moot; optimal balance between caution and decisive actions, by scientists and civil defense alike; and effective communication between all parties. Potential derailments are detailed at each of these nodes for Pinatubo.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico da Exposição aos Riscos de Movimento de Massa e Alagamento em Comunidades do Município de Alagoa Nova, Paraíba / Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Caroline Barros de Sales ◽  
Lutiane Queiroz de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Two Stages

Os territórios de riscos de desastres são considerados, por diversos especialistas, resultados da associação entre exposição aos perigos naturais do ambiente, condições de vulnerabilidade social e entre as vulnerabilidades intrínsecas à Gestão de Riscos de Desastres. Tais territórios podem e estão sendo objetos de estudo de pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, inclusive da Geografia. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a exposição de comunidades do município de Alagoa Nova - PB aos riscos de movimentos de massa e alagamento. A metodologia está dividida em duas etapas, as quais possuem, em comum, os seguintes procedimentos: levantamento bibliográfico, levantamento de dados secundários, elaboração cartográfica, atividades de campo e diálogo com representante da Defesa Civil Municipal. Coloca-se como relevante à medida que os seus resultados conseguem apontar os fatores que devem ser priorizados pela Defesa Civil Municipal e por outras secretarias municipais para uma efetiva mitigação dos riscos nas comunidades. Diagnostic of Exposure to Risks of Mass Movement and Flooding in Communities of the Municipality of Alagoa Nova, Paraíba / BrazilA B S T R A C TDisaster risk territories are considered by various experts to be the result of the association between exposure to natural environmental hazards, conditions of social vulnerability, and intrinsic vulnerabilities to Disaster Risk Management. These territories can and are being studied by researchers from different areas of knowledge, including geography. The present work aims to characterize the exposure of communities in the municipality of Alagoa Nova - PB to the risks of mass movements and flooding. The methodology is divided into two stages, which have in common the following procedures: bibliographic research, secondary data collection, cartographic elaboration, field activities and dialogue with the Municipal Civil Defense representative. The work is considered relevant because its results can point out the factors that must be prioritized by the Municipal Civil Defense and other municipal secretariats for an effective risk mitigation in the communities.Keywords: Exposure factors; Risk; Disaster; Management

A Complex Airborne Geophysical Strategy for Volcanic Risk Mitigation at the Aeolian Island

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Supper ◽  
C. Stotter ◽  
K. Motschka ◽  
I. Schattauer ◽  
B. Meurers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Aeolian Island

Multiparameter monitoring of Fogo Island, Cape Verde, for volcanic risk mitigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao F.B.D. Fonseca ◽  
Bruno V.E. Faria ◽  
Nuno P. Lima ◽  
Sandra I.N. Heleno ◽  
Clara Lazaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Multiparameter Monitoring

scholarly journals HELP - An Early warning dashboard System, built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, with a flexible approach using open data and open source technologies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Amato ◽  
Dimitri Dello Buono ◽  
Francesco Izzi ◽  
Giuseppe La Scaleia ◽  
Donato Maio
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Data Infrastructure

H.E.L.P is an early warning dashboard system built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, be they earthquakes, fires, or meteorological systems. It was built to be easily manageable, customizable and accessible to all users, to facilitate humanitarian and governmental response. In its essence it is an emergency preparedness web tool, which can be used for decision making for a better level of mitigation and response on any level.Risks or disasters are not events in our control, rather, they are situations to which we can better manage with a framework based on preparedness. The earlier and more precise the monitoring of hazards allow for faster response to manage and mitigate a disaster’s impact on a society, economy and environment.This is exactly what HELP offers, it plays a main role in the cycle of early warning and risk (Preparedness, Risk, Mitigation, and Resilience). It provides information in real time on events and hazards, allowing for the possibility to analyze the situation and find a solution whose outcome protects the most lives and has the least economic impact. As a tool it also provides the opportunity to respond to a hazard with resilience in mind, this means that not only does HELP prepare for and mitigate events, it can also be used to implement better organizational methods for future events, thus, minimizing overall risk. Providing people with the means to better be able to take care of themselves, lessening the effects of future hazards each and every time. HELP is a tool in a framework which was created to support governments in their efforts to protect their people, building their response efficiency and resilience. HELP (with the name of E.W.A.R.E. Early Warning and Awareness of Risks and Emergencies) was born as WFP (The World Food Program) and IMAA-CNR (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council of Italy) entered into a Cooperation Agreement concerning the development of a Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructure System for the Palestinian Civil Defense with the aim of building an enhanced preparedness capacity in Palestine.HELP has a simple and flexible but very effective logic to perform the early warning: Watch to open data sources on risk themes (NASA satellite data, Weather Forecast, world wide seismic networks, etc); Apply (programmable) “intelligence” to detect critical situations, exceeding of thresholds, population potentially involved by events, etc; Highlight critical elements on the map; Send alerts to emergency managers.

scholarly journals HELP - An Early warning dashboard System, built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, with a flexible approach using open data and open source technologies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Amato ◽  
Dimitri Dello Buono ◽  
Francesco Izzi ◽  
Giuseppe La Scaleia ◽  
Donato Maio
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Data Infrastructure

H.E.L.P is an early warning dashboard system built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, be they earthquakes, fires, or meteorological systems. It was built to be easily manageable, customizable and accessible to all users, to facilitate humanitarian and governmental response. In its essence it is an emergency preparedness web tool, which can be used for decision making for a better level of mitigation and response on any level.Risks or disasters are not events in our control, rather, they are situations to which we can better manage with a framework based on preparedness. The earlier and more precise the monitoring of hazards allow for faster response to manage and mitigate a disaster’s impact on a society, economy and environment.This is exactly what HELP offers, it plays a main role in the cycle of early warning and risk (Preparedness, Risk, Mitigation, and Resilience). It provides information in real time on events and hazards, allowing for the possibility to analyze the situation and find a solution whose outcome protects the most lives and has the least economic impact. As a tool it also provides the opportunity to respond to a hazard with resilience in mind, this means that not only does HELP prepare for and mitigate events, it can also be used to implement better organizational methods for future events, thus, minimizing overall risk. Providing people with the means to better be able to take care of themselves, lessening the effects of future hazards each and every time. HELP is a tool in a framework which was created to support governments in their efforts to protect their people, building their response efficiency and resilience. HELP (with the name of E.W.A.R.E. Early Warning and Awareness of Risks and Emergencies) was born as WFP (The World Food Program) and IMAA-CNR (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council of Italy) entered into a Cooperation Agreement concerning the development of a Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructure System for the Palestinian Civil Defense with the aim of building an enhanced preparedness capacity in Palestine.HELP has a simple and flexible but very effective logic to perform the early warning: Watch to open data sources on risk themes (NASA satellite data, Weather Forecast, world wide seismic networks, etc); Apply (programmable) “intelligence” to detect critical situations, exceeding of thresholds, population potentially involved by events, etc; Highlight critical elements on the map; Send alerts to emergency managers.

scholarly journals Time-window into the transcrustal plumbing system dynamics of Dominica (Lesser Antilles)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Ostorero ◽  
Georges Boudon ◽  
Hélène Balcone-Boissard ◽  
Daniel J. Morgan ◽  
Thiebaut d’Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
Magma Dynamics ◽  
Modelling Approaches

AbstractDominica, one of the most magmatically active islands of the Lesser Antilles through its four active volcanoes, is likely host under its central part, below Morne Trois Pitons–Micotrin, to a well-established transcrustal mush system. Pre-eruptive spatiotemporal magma dynamics are examined for five, explosive, pumiceous eruptions of this volcano in the last 24 kyrs through a combined Crystal System Analysis and intracrystalline Fe–Mg interdiffusion timescales modelling approaches. Before all eruptions, two magmatic environments of close compositions have interacted. These interactions began ~ 10–30 years prior to the four smaller of these eruptions, with more sustained mixing in the last decade, accelerated in the last 2 years. This contrasts with the largest pumiceous eruption, involving deeper magmas, with magma interaction starting over roughly a century but with various patterns. This suggests a possibility that increasing reactivation signals could be registered at the surface some years before future eruptions, having significant implications for volcanic risk mitigation.

scholarly journals Time-window into the transcrustal plumbing system dynamics of Dominica (Lesser Antilles)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Ostorero ◽  
Georges Boudon ◽  
Hélène Balcone-Boissard ◽  
Daniel J. Morgan ◽  
Thiebaut d'Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Plinian Eruptions ◽  
System Analysis Approach

<p>A transcrustal mush system has been recognized beneath Dominica (Lesser Antilles) with different magma ponding zones that generated a series of pumiceous eruptions from Morne Trois Pitons–Micotrin volcano. Here, the latest, large, pumiceous eruption (Grand Fond - 24 kyrs cal BP) and four, smaller, Plinian eruptions (18-9 kyrs cal BP) are investigated. Pre-eruptive magma dynamics within the mush are unraveled through orthopyroxene phenocrysts by combining a Crystal System Analysis approach (on unzoned and zoned orthopyroxenes) and timescale estimates derived by intracrystalline Fe-Mg interdiffusion modeling. Two magmatic environments are recognized in the mush and have mixed, more or less vigorously, before the successive eruptions. Few interactions between the two magmas began 15-34 years prior to the small Plinian eruptions, but the sustained mixing occurred in the last 2 years. This contrasts with longer timescales (2-80 years) obtained for the larger eruption of Grand Fond with magmas stored deeper. These magma mixing timescales have significant implications for volcanic risk mitigation, with a growing reactivation signal that could be registered at the surface few years prior to the eruptions.</p>

scholarly journals HELP - An Early warning dashboard System, built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, with a flexible approach using open data and open source technologies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Amato ◽  
Dimitri Dello Buono ◽  
Francesco Izzi ◽  
Giuseppe La Scaleia ◽  
Donato Maio
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Data Infrastructure

H.E.L.P is an early warning dashboard system built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, be they earthquakes, fires, or meteorological systems. It was built to be easily manageable, customizable and accessible to all users, to facilitate humanitarian and governmental response. In its essence it is an emergency preparedness web tool, which can be used for decision making for a better level of mitigation and response on any level.Risks or disasters are not events in our control, rather, they are situations to which we can better manage with a framework based on preparedness. The earlier and more precise the monitoring of hazards allow for faster response to manage and mitigate a disaster’s impact on a society, economy and environment.This is exactly what HELP offers, it plays a main role in the cycle of early warning and risk (Preparedness, Risk, Mitigation, and Resilience). It provides information in real time on events and hazards, allowing for the possibility to analyze the situation and find a solution whose outcome protects the most lives and has the least economic impact. As a tool it also provides the opportunity to respond to a hazard with resilience in mind, this means that not only does HELP prepare for and mitigate events, it can also be used to implement better organizational methods for future events, thus, minimizing overall risk. Providing people with the means to better be able to take care of themselves, lessening the effects of future hazards each and every time. HELP is a tool in a framework which was created to support governments in their efforts to protect their people, building their response efficiency and resilience. HELP (with the name of E.W.A.R.E. Early Warning and Awareness of Risks and Emergencies) was born as WFP (The World Food Program) and IMAA-CNR (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council of Italy) entered into a Cooperation Agreement concerning the development of a Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructure System for the Palestinian Civil Defense with the aim of building an enhanced preparedness capacity in Palestine.HELP has a simple and flexible but very effective logic to perform the early warning: Watch to open data sources on risk themes (NASA satellite data, Weather Forecast, world wide seismic networks, etc); Apply (programmable) “intelligence” to detect critical situations, exceeding of thresholds, population potentially involved by events, etc; Highlight critical elements on the map; Send alerts to emergency managers.

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