scholarly journals Umbilical Cord Blood Adiponectin, Leptin, Insulin, and Ghrelin in Premature Infants and Their Association With Birth Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyan Han ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
Zhenghong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Preterm Group

BackgroundPremature/low-birth-weight infants are at significant risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood, which may be related to the levels of fetal adipokine. Here, we investigated the differences in the levels of umbilical cord blood adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin in preterm and term infants and sought to elucidate the link between these hormones and fetal growth. We also evaluated the interrelationship among these metabolic hormones in both groups of newborns.MethodsA total of 149 mother–infant pairs (100 in the preterm group and 49 in the term group) were enrolled in the study. The preterm group was further subdivided according to birth weight (≤1,500, 1,501–2,000, 2,001–2,500, and >2,500 g), gestational age (<34 vs. ≥34 weeks), and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) vs. small for gestational age (SGA). The general condition of the mothers and the growth parameters of the newborns at birth were recorded.ResultsThe levels of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin were lower in the preterm group than those in the term group (p < 0.05). In the preterm group, the leptin levels of infants with gestational age ≥34 weeks were significantly higher than those of infants with gestational age <34 weeks (mean ln leptin = 0.63 vs. 0.36 ng/ml, p = 0.009). The levels of adiponectin were lower in the SGA group than those in the AGA group (mean ln adiponectin = 2.26 vs. 2.84 µg/ml, p = 0.001), whereas those of ghrelin displayed the opposite trend (mean ln ghrelin = 6.29 vs. 5.71 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Leptin was significantly correlated with insulin both in preterm infants with birth weight (BW) >2,000 g and in term infants. Umbilical cord blood leptin was positively correlated with the BW, birth length, and head circumference of newborns (r = 0.460, 0.311, and 0.310, respectively, all p < 0.05), whereas ghrelin was negatively correlated with the same parameters (r = −0.372, −0.415, and −0.373, respectively, all p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe lack of maturation of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract by the fetus due to prematurity is associated with changes in the levels of cord blood adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin. The dysregulation of these hormones in preterm infants may be a risk factor for fetal growth and future metabolic diseases.

The Role of Umbilical Cord Blood Concentration of IGF-I, IGF-II, Leptin, Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Resistin, and Visfatin in Fetal Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Yalinbas ◽  
Cigdem Binay ◽  
Enver Simsek ◽  
Mehmet Aksit
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Objective Herein, we measured the concentration of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, and visfatin in the umbilical cord blood of newborns categorized as “small for gestational age” (SGA), “appropriate for gestational age” (AGA), and “large for gestational age” (LGA). Our aim was to elucidate the link between the levels of these proteins and fetal growth. Study Design A total of 96 term infants were included and categorized into three weight categories. Their venous cord blood samples were collected to measure the levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, and visfatin. Results IGF-I, visfatin, and leptin levels showed significant differences among the groups. Pairwise comparisons showed that adiponectin (p = 0.023), resistin (p = 0.025), and ghrelin (p = 0.005) levels were significantly lower in the SGA group than in the LGA group. Correlation analyses showed a strong association of IGF-1, IGF-II, and leptin levels with birth weight (r = 0.644, p < 0.001; r = 0.441, p < 0.001; and r = 0.404, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion SGA newborns showed a significantly higher visfatin concentration and lower ghrelin, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels than the AGA and LGA newborns did.

Levels of Cytokines in Umbilical Cord Blood in Small for Gestational Age Preterm Infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 (02) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Lindner ◽  
E. Tutdibi ◽  
S. Binot ◽  
D. Monz ◽  
A. Hilgendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age

scholarly journals Preterm birth is associated with immune dysregulation which persists in infants exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Sullivan ◽  
Paola Galdi ◽  
Nis Borbye-Lorenzen ◽  
David Q Stoye ◽  
Gillian J Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Immune Profile ◽  
Histologic Chorioamnionitis

Abstract Objective. To characterise the umbilical cord blood immune profile in preterm infants compared to term-born controls and the postnatal immune response following exposure to histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) in preterm infants. Design. Descriptive, observational cohort study. Setting. Edinburgh, UK. Population. 118 preterm infants (mean gestational age 29+0 weeks, range 23+2 to 32+0) and 59 term-born controls. Methods. Placental histopathology was used to identify reaction patterns indicative of HCA, and a customised immunoassay of 24 inflammatory markers and trophic proteins selected to reflect the perinatal immune response was performed on umbilical cord blood in term and preterm participants and postnatal day 5 blood in the preterm group. Results. The umbilical cord blood immune profile classified gestational age category with 86% accuracy (95% CI 0.78-0.92), p-value=1.242x10-14. Pro-inflammatory proteins IL-6, MCP-1 and CRP were elevated in the cord blood of preterm infants whilst BDNF, C3, C9, IL-18, MMP-9 and RANTES were decreased, compared to infants born at term. In preterm infants, exposure to HCA was associated with elevations in 5 immune proteins on postnatal day 5 (BDNF, C3, IL-8, MIP-1β and MMP-9) when compared to preterm infants who were not exposed. Conclusion. Preterm birth is associated with a distinct immune profile in umbilical cord blood and infants exposed to HCA experience specific alterations in immune function that persist to day 5 of postnatal life.

scholarly journals Remifentanil Degradation in Umbilical Cord Blood of Preterm Infants

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Welzing ◽  
Sabine Ebenfeld ◽  
Verena Dlugay ◽  
Martin H. J. Wiesen ◽  
Bernhard Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Very Preterm

Background No pharmacokinetic data about remifentanil in preterm infants exist, although remifentanil is increasingly used in this especially vulnerable subgroup of pediatric patients. Unfortunately, ethical restrictions in the volume of blood that can be withdrawn for kinetic sampling nearly prohibit pharmacokinetic studies in preterm infants. Methods Because remifentanil is rapidly metabolized by nonspecific blood esterases, we collected umbilical cord serum of preterm and term infants to investigate whether the activity of nonspecific blood esterases depends on gestational age. Umbilical cord serum, buffer solution, ascorbic acid, and remifentanil were mixed in a glass vial placed in a shaking water bath at 37°C. Subsequently, serum samples were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis of remifentanil and its metabolite GR90291 after 0, 30, 60, 100, and 150 min. Results We analyzed umbilical cord serum samples of 34 preterm infants (24-36 gestational weeks) and six term infants. The degradation rates of remifentanil to its major metabolite GR90291 were comparable in preterm and term infants. The overall median degradation half-life of remifentanil was 143 ± (interquartile range) 47 min (minimum, 76 min; maximum, 221 min) without significant differences between very preterm infants (less than 28 gestational weeks) and term infants. The remifentanil concentration remained stable in control runs without serum. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that very preterm infants exhibit a high nonspecific esterase activity in umbilical cord blood that is comparable with that of term infants. These results support clinical experiences that remifentanil is rapidly metabolized by preterm infants without prolonged side effects.

One Less Painful Procedure: Using Umbilical Cord Blood as Alternative Source to Admission Complete Blood Count

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neera Prakash ◽  
Joseph Decristofaro ◽  
Echezona Maduekwe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

Objective This study aims to evaluate the use of umbilical cord blood as an alternative to the admission complete blood count (CBC) in the well-appearing late preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Study Design Paired umbilical cord and admission blood CBC samples from well late preterm infants were compared using a two-sample t-test or analysis of variance with an unequal variance for differences in the hemoglobin, platelet counts, white blood cell, and absolute neutrophil counts. Results A total of 100 infants were enrolled in the study. The study included 46 females, 5 Asian, 9 Black, 35 Hispanic, 51 White, with a mean gestational age of 35.3 ± 1 weeks (range: 34–36.5 weeks), and a mean birth weight of 2,347 ± 491 g (range: 1,840–4,260 g). Around 80% were appropriate for gestational age, 5% were large for gestational age, and 15% were small for gestational age. The median difference between the cord and admission blood samples were hemoglobin: 1.1 g/dL, platelet: 7.50 × 103 cells/μL, white blood cell count: 2.3 × 103 cells/μL, and absolute neutrophil count: 0.6 × 103 cells/μL. Conclusion The cord and admission blood testing were not statistically or clinically different when compared. In well late preterm infants, the NICU admission blood CBC may be replaced with an umbilical cord blood CBC.

Factors Affecting Human Umbilical Cord Blood Quality Before Cryopreservation: The Importance of Birth Weight and Gestational Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Phuong Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Van-Tinh Nguyen ◽  
Thao Thi Chu ◽  
Linh-Huyen Truong ◽  
Thu Thi Hoai Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Factors Affecting

Cord-Blood High-Sensitivity Troponin-I Reference Interval and Association with Early Neonatal Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Ryan ◽  
Tapas Mondal ◽  
Kaaran Gupta ◽  
George Radovanovic ◽  
Edward Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Nicu Admission

Objective This study was aimed to establish a reference interval for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in umbilical cord blood of infants and to assess its association with the risk of predetermined early neonatal outcomes in a high-acuity tertiary care hospital. Study Design Umbilical cord-blood samples were collected and hs-cTnI was measured in all infants born between August 2015 and September 2015 at McMaster Children's Hospital (n = 256). Gestational age, birth weight, Apgar's scores, age in days at which feeding was established, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and discharge in days after birth were recorded. Results The 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles for the term infant subcohort were 19.75, 41.45, and 166.30 ng/L, respectively. We observed decreased mean gestational ages and birth weights in both the 90th (37.7 weeks; 2,961.4 g) and 95th percentiles (37.1 weeks; 2,709.9 g) when compared with the remaining infants. Moreover, levels of hs-cTnI were significantly higher in infants with respiratory distress requiring intervention (p < 0.05), low–birth weight infants (p < 0.01), preterm infants (p < 0.001), and those requiring NICU admission (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression of the recorded demographic factors revealed prematurity (gestational age <35 weeks: coefficient 0.346 ± 0.160, p < 0.05; gestational age <37 weeks: coefficient 0.253 ± 0.105, p < 0.05) and male sex (coefficient 0.138 ± 0.047; p < 0.01) to be most predictive of log-hs-cTnI levels. Conclusion This study establishes the reference values for cord-blood hs-cTnI in infants at a tertiary care center. Premature and sick infants requiring NICU admission had significantly higher levels of hs-cTnI. Key Points

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