scholarly journals Assessing Embodied Carbon Emission and Its Intensities in the ICT Industry: The Global Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Dong ◽  
Qingzhe Jiang ◽  
Jianda Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction Strategies ◽  
Ict Industry

With the intensification of globalization, the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector, as one of the emerging industrial sectors, has played an important role in reducing carbon emissions in regional trade and improving the energy efficiency of traded products. This article uses a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to explore the flow of embodied carbon emissions and embodied carbon emission intensities in the ICT sector triggered by trade in 15 major economies around the world from 2000 to 2014. The article further discusses the emission-reduction strategies of each ICT sector. The results show that: (1) The overall embodied carbon emissions of ICT have demonstrated a significant downward trend, but the proportion of embodied carbon emissions caused by trade is increasing; (2) The embodied carbon emissions in the ICT sector of most developed countries in 2014 are significantly lower than in 2000, but in developing countries such as China and India they show an upward trend during this period; (3) The ICT sector’s export embodied carbon emission intensity in Indonesia is much higher than that of other countries, and the embodied carbon emissions of ICT exported by Mexico have increased significantly; (4) The manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products (S1) is the main contributor to the ICT sector’s embodied carbon emissions, while import embodied carbon emission intensities among publishing activities (S2) are increasing significantly in most countries. The conclusion of this paper has important implications for how to reduce ICT’s embodied carbon emissions of major countries.

scholarly journals Inter-Sectoral Linkage and External Trade Analysis for Virtual Water and Embodied Carbon Emissions in China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiping Huang ◽  
Xinsheng Li ◽  
Lianhai Cao ◽  
Dongdong Jia ◽  
Junlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Metal Products

In the globalized world, water utilization and carbon emissions are two important indicators for water and energy resources evaluation. This paper investigates the inter-sectoral linkage and external trade of virtual water (water embodied in products) and embodied carbon emissions in China based on input–output tables during 1997–2015. Results indicate that: inside China, agriculture, the electric and water industry are major virtual water suppliers, while heavy industrial sectors including the metal products industry, the petrochemical industry, other nonmetallic mineral products industry, and the mining industry are major embodied carbon emissions suppliers. China is the net exporter of virtual water (137.15 × 109 m3) and embodied carbon emissions (16.05 × 108 t). From the perspective of industrial chain, about 81% of virtual water export come from agriculture, the electric and water industry ultimately, and about 85% of embodied carbon emissions export come from the mining industry, the petrochemical industry, other nonmetallic mineral products industry, the metal products industry, and the electric and water industry ultimately.

scholarly journals Embodied CO2 Emission Changes in Manufacturing Trade: Structural Decomposition Analysis of China, Japan, and Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Young Yoon ◽  
Yoon-Kyung Kim ◽  
Jinsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Changes

This study investigated the driving factors of embodied carbon emission changes in manufacturing trades through structural decomposition analysis. For empirical analysis, we developed an environmental multiregional input–output model for Korea, Japan, and China for 1995–2009. The three countries, which are economically and environmentally significant in Asia, are not only tightly linked economically through global value chains, but also close geographically, sharing various environmental issues. The results show that China is a net exporter of embodied carbon emissions to Japan and Korea, despite a substantial trade deficit. Its exports are more carbon-intensive than its imports from Japan and Korea. China’s embodied emissions were mainly affected by a change in carbon-intensive production and trade structure, and Japan’s and Korea’s were affected by China’s final demand. At the sectoral level, “Electrical and Optical Equipment”, “Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal”, and “Textiles and Textile Products” mainly affected the embodied carbon emission changes in these three countries. As a result, a considerable share of carbon-intensive production has shifted to China and increased consumption of China’s final products and services in the manufacturing industries, resulting in a significant increase in embodied carbon emissions. Additionally, our findings at the sectoral level could provide important evidence regarding the effective environmental policies that enable sustainable industries. With the increasing interest in the embodied carbon emissions, future research would pay more attention to the bilateral trades of major carbon-emitting countries and multilateral trades.

scholarly journals Embodied Carbon Emissions of Aluminum-Containing Commodities in International Trade: China's Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangfeng Li ◽  
Huabo Duan ◽  
Tianjiao Li ◽  
Yanjing Zhou ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions

Abstract In recent years, global climate change has become an increasingly serious problem. Developing countries have assumed excessive responsibilities for carbon emissions under the principle of producer responsibility. A system that considers material flows to establish the responsibility for carbon emissions more accurately and fairly was proposed. In this study, the embodied carbon emissions (ECEs) of aluminum-containing commodities (ACC) in China’s international trade from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed via material flow analysis. The carbon emission coefficients of China’s imported and exported ACC were calculated and discussed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1)The annual imported and exported aluminum in ACC showed a fluctuating growth from 2008 to 2017. Overall, China imported a large amount of alumina and exports a large amount of aluminum-containing end products (ACEP) and semi-products (SP). (2) The imported and exported ECEs of ACC were mainly due to ACEP, which account for 57% and 68% of the imported and exported ECEs of ACC, respectively. (3) The ECEs of ACEP in international trade were mainly associated with vehicles, manufacturing equipment, and aircraft. (4) The share of exported and net exported ACC’s ECEs in domestic carbon emissions (calculated using the principle of producer responsibility) also increased from 1.3 and 0.9% to 2.8 and 1.7%. In addition, a more accurate share of international carbon emission responsibility was discussed, and policy recommendations to reduce carbon emissions and actively respond to global climate change were provided.

scholarly journals The impact of economic complexity on embodied carbon emission in trade: new empirical evidence from cross-country panel data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qayyum ◽  
Yuyuan Yu ◽  
Shijie Li
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Indirect Impacts

AbstractEstablishing a fair platform for allocating carbon emission responsibility worldwide determines the sustainability and efficiency of the world’s climate policy and framework. In the context of global environmental load displacement and CO2 transfer, this paper endeavors to examine the relationship between economic complexity and embodied carbon emissions based on cross-country panel data. Our study utilizes the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to estimate our dynamic models covering 34 OECD countries and 24 non-OECD countries from 1995 to 2015. The empirical results show a heterogeneous impact of economic complexity on embodied carbon emissions in exports (EEE) and imports (EEI). Besides, the scale effect, composition effect, and technology effect are also significant drivers of embodied carbon emissions. The improvement of economic complexity can decrease the marginal effects of export scale and export structure on foreign EEE (but not domestic EEE) significantly, while the marginal positive impacts of technology on EEE can be further enhanced by economic complexity growth. Moreover, there is no strong evidence to prove the significant indirect impacts of economic complexity on foreign carbon emission embodied in imports, while economic complexity has significantly positive indirect impacts on domestic carbon emission embodied in imports only through import scale. In the subsample regressions, we found asymmetric impacts of economic complexity between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Shared Responsibility for Carbon Emission Based on Embodied Carbon Emission in China-US Trade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Binbin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Consumer Country ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Import Trade

Abstract Traditional Production-Based Accounting (PBA) principle does not consider the embodied carbon emissions in export and import trade. A multiregional input-output (MRIO) model is constructed to estimate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 41 countries and regions worldwide, based on the PBA and shared responsibility approach in this paper. The results indicate that the embodied carbon emissions in 2018 in China's export trade were 1326.1 million tons higher than that of import trade. Through the empirical analysis of the embodied carbon emissions in China's import and export trade, it can be seen that China is a major producer of carbon emissions, not a consumer country, and has taken more carbon emissions responsibility for the world. And it is more reasonable and impartial to assign developed and developing country’s carbon emissions responsibility in the light of the shared responsibility method.

scholarly journals The Changes of Carbon Emission in China’s Industrial Sectors from 2002 to 2010: A Structural Decomposition Analysis and Input-Output Subsystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxing Zhang ◽  
Mingxing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Carbon Emission Intensity ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Three Components

Based on 2002–2010 comparable price input-output tables, this paper first calculates the carbon emissions of China’s industrial sectors with three components by input-output subsystems; next, we decompose the three components into effect of carbon emission intensity, effect of social technology, and effect of final demand separately by structure decomposition analysis; at last, we analyze the contribution of every effect to the total emissions by sectors, thus finding the key sectors and key factors which induce the changes of carbon emissions in China’s industrial sectors. Our results show that in the latest 8 years five departments have gotten the greatest increase in the changes of carbon emissions compare with other departments and the effect of final demand is the key factor leading to the increase of industrial total carbon emissions. The decomposed effects show a decrease in carbon emission due to the changes of carbon emission intensity between 2002 and 2010 compensated by an increase in carbon emissions caused by the rise in final demand of industrial sectors. And social technological changes on the reduction of carbon emissions did not play a very good effect and need further improvement.

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