scholarly journals Embodied Carbon Emissions of Aluminum-Containing Commodities in International Trade: China's Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangfeng Li ◽  
Huabo Duan ◽  
Tianjiao Li ◽  
Yanjing Zhou ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions

Abstract In recent years, global climate change has become an increasingly serious problem. Developing countries have assumed excessive responsibilities for carbon emissions under the principle of producer responsibility. A system that considers material flows to establish the responsibility for carbon emissions more accurately and fairly was proposed. In this study, the embodied carbon emissions (ECEs) of aluminum-containing commodities (ACC) in China’s international trade from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed via material flow analysis. The carbon emission coefficients of China’s imported and exported ACC were calculated and discussed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1)The annual imported and exported aluminum in ACC showed a fluctuating growth from 2008 to 2017. Overall, China imported a large amount of alumina and exports a large amount of aluminum-containing end products (ACEP) and semi-products (SP). (2) The imported and exported ECEs of ACC were mainly due to ACEP, which account for 57% and 68% of the imported and exported ECEs of ACC, respectively. (3) The ECEs of ACEP in international trade were mainly associated with vehicles, manufacturing equipment, and aircraft. (4) The share of exported and net exported ACC’s ECEs in domestic carbon emissions (calculated using the principle of producer responsibility) also increased from 1.3 and 0.9% to 2.8 and 1.7%. In addition, a more accurate share of international carbon emission responsibility was discussed, and policy recommendations to reduce carbon emissions and actively respond to global climate change were provided.

Compensating for the Climate: Unemployment Insurance and Climate Change Votes

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Yuichi Kono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Compensation Hypothesis ◽  
The Welfare State

Global climate change is a pressing political issue, yet some governments have done more to address it than others. Building on the “compensation hypothesis” from the international trade literature, I argue that legislators are more willing to support carbon restrictions when workers in their districts are protected by generous unemployment insurance. I test this hypothesis with an analysis of Congressional climate change votes. I find that higher carbon-intensive employment makes legislators less likely to vote for carbon restrictions, but this effect is weaker where unemployment benefits are high. I also find that generous unemployment benefits make legislators more likely to vote for carbon restrictions but only where carbon-intensive employment is high. My results imply that generous unemployment insurance can help governments to pass stronger climate change legislation. More broadly, they indicate that struggles over the welfare state have important consequences for other policy domains.

scholarly journals Embodied carbon emissions of aluminum-containing commodities in international trade: China’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangfeng Li ◽  
Huabo Duan ◽  
Tianjiao Li ◽  
Yanjing Zhou ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions

scholarly journals Embodied CO2 Emission Changes in Manufacturing Trade: Structural Decomposition Analysis of China, Japan, and Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Young Yoon ◽  
Yoon-Kyung Kim ◽  
Jinsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Changes

This study investigated the driving factors of embodied carbon emission changes in manufacturing trades through structural decomposition analysis. For empirical analysis, we developed an environmental multiregional input–output model for Korea, Japan, and China for 1995–2009. The three countries, which are economically and environmentally significant in Asia, are not only tightly linked economically through global value chains, but also close geographically, sharing various environmental issues. The results show that China is a net exporter of embodied carbon emissions to Japan and Korea, despite a substantial trade deficit. Its exports are more carbon-intensive than its imports from Japan and Korea. China’s embodied emissions were mainly affected by a change in carbon-intensive production and trade structure, and Japan’s and Korea’s were affected by China’s final demand. At the sectoral level, “Electrical and Optical Equipment”, “Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal”, and “Textiles and Textile Products” mainly affected the embodied carbon emission changes in these three countries. As a result, a considerable share of carbon-intensive production has shifted to China and increased consumption of China’s final products and services in the manufacturing industries, resulting in a significant increase in embodied carbon emissions. Additionally, our findings at the sectoral level could provide important evidence regarding the effective environmental policies that enable sustainable industries. With the increasing interest in the embodied carbon emissions, future research would pay more attention to the bilateral trades of major carbon-emitting countries and multilateral trades.

scholarly journals Prediction of direct carbon emissions of Chinese provinces using artificial neural networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0236685
Author(s):  
Hui Jin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Elman Neural Network

Closely connected to human carbon emissions, global climate change is affecting regional economic and social development, natural ecological environment, food security, water supply, and many other social aspects. In a word, climate change has become a vital issue of general concern in the current society. In this study, the carbon emission data of Chinese provinces in 1999–2019 are collected and analyzed, so as to identify the carbon emission of direct consumption per 10,000 residents in each province (including each municipal city and autonomous region) and the entire nation based on population data. The Arc Geographic Information Science Engine (ArcGIS Engine) and C#.NET platform are employed to call the MATLAB neural network toolbox. A model is selected and embedded in the prediction system to develop the entire system. This study demonstrates that the carbon emissions per resident in Northern China are significantly higher than those in Southern China, with the rate of carbon emissions continuing to increase over time. Compared with other models, the Elman neural network has a higher carbon emission prediction accuracy, but with more minor errors. For instance, its accuracy and prediction performance are improved by 55.93% and 19.48%, respectively, compared with the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN). The prediction results show that China is expected to reach its peak carbon emission in around 2025–2030. The above results are acquired based on the concept of carbon emissions and neural network model theories, supported by GIS component technology and intelligent methods. The feasibility of BPNN, Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Elman neural network models for predicting residential carbon emissions is analyzed. This study also designs a comprehensive, integrated and extensible visual intelligent platform, which is easy to implement and stable in operation. The trend and characteristics of carbon emission changes from 2027 to 2032 are explored and predicted based on the data about direct carbon emissions of Chinese provincial residents from 1999 to 2019, purposed to provide a scientific basis for the control and planning of carbon emissions.

Environmental Kuznets curves, carbon emissions, and public choice

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
JODY W. LIPFORD ◽  
BRUCE YANDLE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curves ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACTConcern about global climate change has elicited responses from governments around the world. These responses began with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and have continued with other negotiations, including the 2009 Copenhagen Summit. These negotiations raised important questions about whether countries will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, if so, how the burden of emissions reductions will be shared. To investigate these questions, we utilize environmental Kuznets curves for carbon emissions for the G8 plus five main developing countries. Our findings raise doubts about the feasibility of reducing global carbon emissions and shed light on the different positions taken by countries on the distribution of emissions reductions.

scholarly journals Assessing Embodied Carbon Emission and Its Intensities in the ICT Industry: The Global Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Dong ◽  
Qingzhe Jiang ◽  
Jianda Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction Strategies ◽  
Ict Industry

With the intensification of globalization, the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector, as one of the emerging industrial sectors, has played an important role in reducing carbon emissions in regional trade and improving the energy efficiency of traded products. This article uses a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to explore the flow of embodied carbon emissions and embodied carbon emission intensities in the ICT sector triggered by trade in 15 major economies around the world from 2000 to 2014. The article further discusses the emission-reduction strategies of each ICT sector. The results show that: (1) The overall embodied carbon emissions of ICT have demonstrated a significant downward trend, but the proportion of embodied carbon emissions caused by trade is increasing; (2) The embodied carbon emissions in the ICT sector of most developed countries in 2014 are significantly lower than in 2000, but in developing countries such as China and India they show an upward trend during this period; (3) The ICT sector’s export embodied carbon emission intensity in Indonesia is much higher than that of other countries, and the embodied carbon emissions of ICT exported by Mexico have increased significantly; (4) The manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products (S1) is the main contributor to the ICT sector’s embodied carbon emissions, while import embodied carbon emission intensities among publishing activities (S2) are increasing significantly in most countries. The conclusion of this paper has important implications for how to reduce ICT’s embodied carbon emissions of major countries.

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