scholarly journals FcγR Genetic Variation and HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy: Context And Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Lassaunière ◽  
Caroline T. Tiemessen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Receptor Locus ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Hiv 1

Receptors for the crystallisable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), link the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response, providing a diverse armamentarium of antimicrobial effector functions. Findings from HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials highlight the need for further study of Fc-FcR interactions in understanding what may constitute vaccine-induced protective immunity. These include host genetic correlates identified within the low affinity Fcγ-receptor locus in three HIV-1 efficacy trials – VAX004, RV144, and HVTN 505. This perspective summarizes our present knowledge of FcγR genetics in the context of findings from HIV-1 efficacy trials, and draws on genetic variation described in other contexts, such as mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission and HIV-1 disease progression, to explore the potential contribution of FcγR variability in modulating different HIV-1 vaccine efficacy outcomes. Appreciating the complexity and the importance of the collective contribution of variation within the FCGR gene locus is important for understanding the role of FcγRs in protection against HIV-1 acquisition.

scholarly journals V2-Specific Antibodies in HIV-1 Vaccine Research and Natural Infection: Controllers or Surrogate Markers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duerr ◽  
Gorny
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Hiv 1

Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trials have lacked efficacy and empirical vaccine lead targets are scarce. Thus far, the only independent correlate of reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition in humans is elevated levels of V2-specific antibodies identified in the modestly protective RV144 vaccine trial. Ten years after RV144, human and non-human primate vaccine studies have reassessed the potential contribution of V2-specific antibodies to vaccine efficacy. In addition, studies of natural HIV-1 infection in humans have provided insight into the development of V1V2-directed antibody responses and their impact on clinical parameters and disease progression. Functionally diverse anti-V2 monoclonal antibodies were isolated and their structurally distinct V2 epitope regions characterized. After RV144, a plethora of research studies were performed using different model systems, immunogens, protocols, and challenge viruses. These diverse studies failed to provide a clear picture regarding the contribution of V2 antibodies to vaccine efficacy. Here, we summarize the biological functions and clinical findings associated with V2-specific antibodies and discuss their impact on HIV vaccine research.

scholarly journals Accelerating HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trials

Cell ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan H. Barouch ◽  
Nelson L. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Hiv 1

Mother to child transmission of HIV-1 in a Thai population: Role of virus characteristics and maternal humoral immune response

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonticha Kittinunvorakoon ◽  
Mary Kate Morris ◽  
Kanchana Neeyapun ◽  
Bongkoch Jetsawang ◽  
Gertrude C. Buehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

Trends in HIV-1 Incidence in a Cohort of Prostitutes in Kenya: Implications for HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trials

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Baeten ◽  
Barbra A. Richardson ◽  
Harold L. Martin ◽  
Patrick M. Nyange ◽  
Ludo Lavreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Host genetic associations with the gut microbiota in HIV-1-infected subjects: a pilot exploratory study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Guillén ◽  
Marc Noguera-Julian ◽  
Javier Rivera ◽  
Maria Casadellà ◽  
Muntsa Rocafort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Genetic Landscape ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Gene Richness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThe impact of host genetics on gut microbial dynamics is debated. No study to date has investigated the possible role of host genetics in shaping the gut microbiota in HIV-1 infected subjects. With the aim of generating preliminary data to inform future host genetic studies, we performed an exploratory host exome analysis of 147 subjects either infected or at risk of becoming infected with HIV-1 from the MetaHIV cohort in Barcelona. Using a DNA microarray chip, we sought to identify host genetic variants associated to three specific microbial features with a potentially inheritable component, and which were previously found to be associated with gut dysbiosis in HIV infection, i.e.: gut enterotype, presence of methanogenic archaea and microbial gene richness. After correction for multiple comparisons, we did not observe any statistically significant association between the host’s genetic landscape and the explored gut microbiome traits. These findings will help design future, adequately-powered studies to assess the influence of host genetics in the microbiome of HIV-1-infected subjects.

Role of β-Defensin-1 Polymorphisms in Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Ricci ◽  
Sandro Malacrida ◽  
Marisa Zanchetta ◽  
Marco Montagna ◽  
Carlo Giaquinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1
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