Assessment of Water Quality Along the Southeast Coast of India During COVID-19 Lockdown

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world and has had a devastating impact on both lives and livelihoods in India. The only way to defeat the rapid spread of COVID-19, is to shut down socio-economic activities and to maintain minimal human interaction with the implementation of a lockdown. Such lockdowns have manifested in a pollution curtailment in almost all spheres of the planet, including in marine pollution. Quantifying this decrease in pollution levels enables the scientific community to assess the contribution of anthropogenic (especially non-essential) activities to global/regional pollution levels. This paper aims to study the impact of the stringent lockdown period (phase 1 and 2) on coastal water quality along the Chennai coast of India, by analyzing suspended matter concentration (SPM), a key element of water quality and diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd(490), using LANDSAT-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. LANDSAT-8/OLI, L1TP scenes were subjected to radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction to derive surface reflectance values from raw digital numbers using ACOLITE software and a brief insight has been given for the Dark Spectrum Fitting algorithm used in ACOLITE. SPM concentration decreased by 15.48 and 37.50% in the Chennai and Ennore ports, respectively, due to minimal vessel movement and cargo handling. The stringent lockdown led to the operation of fewer thermal plant units, thus less fly ash was emanated, resulting in a 28.05% reduction in SPM levels over Ennore creek. As industrial and commercial activities subsided, the city’s water bodies became clearer than they were just a fortnight prior to the lockdown, with a reduction of 22.26% of SPM in Adyar and 33.97% in Cooum riverine estuaries. Decrease in Kd(490) showed a positive relationship with SPM and thus improved coastal water quality because of the reduction of SPM during this period. The variations in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were studied using National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) data and reduced levels in particulate matter concentration (PM2.5 and PM10) for the Adyar residential area (24.38 and 28.43%) and for the Nungampakkam commercial area (36.09 and 67.18%) were observed. A significant reduction in PM2.5 concentration (45.63%) was observed in the Ennore-Manali Industrial region.

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Developing of Total Suspended Sediment Model Using Landsat-8 Satellite Image and In-Situ Data at The Surabaya Coast, East Java, Indonesia

Indonesian Journal of Geography ◽

10.22146/ijg.12010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Teguh Hariyanto ◽

Trismono C. Krisna ◽

Khomsin Khomsin ◽

Cherie Bhekti Pribadi ◽

Nadjadji Anwar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Total Suspended Sediment ◽

Coastal Water Quality

The decrease of coastal-water quality in the Surabaya coastal region can be recognized from the conceentration of Total Suspended Sediment(TSS ) . As a result we need a system for monitoring sediment concentration in the coastal region of Surabaya which regularly measures TSS. The principle to model and monitor TSSconcentration using remote sensing methods is by the integration of Landsat-8OLI satellites image processing using some ofTSS-models then those are analyzed for looking its suitability with TSS value direcly measured in the field ( in-situ measurement). The TSS value modeled from all algorithms validated usingcorrelation analysis and linear regression . The result shows that TSS model with the highest correlation value is TSS algorithm by Budiman (2004)with r value 0.991. Hence this algorithm can be used to investigate TSS-distribution which represent the coastal water quality of Surabaya with TSS value between 75 mg/L to 125 mg/L.

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Development of regional coastal water quality standards in the Mediterranean

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0665 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (9-10) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. J. Saliba

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Coastal Water Quality ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Trained Manpower ◽

The Impact

Under the terms of the 1976 Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution, and the 1980 Protocol for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution from land-based sources, the coastal states of the region have to develop criteria and standards for various aspects of coastal water quality. These are being progressively developed within the framework of the Mediterranean Action Plan, specifically within the Long-term Programme of Pollution Monitoring and Research in the Mediterranean Sea (MED POL Phase II). The impact of specific Mediterranean ecological conditions on health and related risks arising from specific uses of the sea, in relation to those risks arising from the same types of water use in regions with different conditions, and the effects of such differences on quality requirements, are discussed. The current situation in the Mediterranean region regarding national and international legislation for ensuring coastal water quality is described, together with the normal procedures for regional assessments of the situation with regard to specific pollutants and the formulation of proposed measures. The legal and technical problems involved in (a) the actual preparation of criteria and standards combining ecological and health requirements with political acceptability and (b) their adoption by Mediterranean states are described. These problems essentially arise out of the heterogeneous character of the states bordering the Mediterranean Sea, especially regarding the state of existing infrastructures for pollution prevention and control, including the availability of trained manpower and technical facilities, the degreee of priority accorded to marine pollution within the overall framework of national requirements, the type of legal and administrative machinery for the enactment and enforcement of statutory provisions, and the implications of new or amended legislation vis-a-vis already-existing international obligations.

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Application of Landsat 8 for Monitoring Impacts of Wastewater Discharge on Coastal Water Quality

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2017.00329 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rebecca C. Trinh ◽

Cédric G. Fichot ◽

Michelle M. Gierach ◽

Benjamin Holt ◽

Nabin K. Malakar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Wastewater Discharge ◽

Coastal Water Quality

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WHO Coastal Water Quality Programme and Its Relation to Other International Efforts on Marine Pollution Control*

Ocean Yearbook Online ◽

10.1163/221160080x00262 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 435-444

Author(s):

Richard Helmer

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Marine Pollution ◽

Coastal Water Quality

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A septic waste index model to measure the impact of septic tanks on coastal water quality and coral reef communities in Rincon, Puerto Rico

Ocean & Coastal Management ◽

10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.12.016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 169 ◽

pp. 201-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Norat-Ramírez ◽

P. Méndez-Lázaro ◽

E.A. Hernández-Delgado ◽

H. Mattei-Torres ◽

L. Cordero-Rivera

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Coastal Water Quality ◽

Septic Tanks ◽

Index Model ◽

Reef Communities ◽

Waste Index ◽

The Impact

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Public acceptance of coastal zone management efforts: The role of citizen preferences in the allocation of funds

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/age.2017.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 268-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Keith S. Evans ◽

Caroline L. Noblet ◽

Emma Fox ◽

Kathleen P. Bell ◽

Abigail Kaminski

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Coastal Zone Management ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Management Options ◽

Coastal Water Quality ◽

Zone Management ◽

Key Policy ◽

The Impact

We investigate allocation of funds by citizens across management options addressing impairments to coastal water quality. We study systematic variation in citizen allocation of funds to adaptive versus preventative strategies including the impact of referundum choices and test whether allocations will be impacted by cuing in the design of the referendum. Two key policy insights from our results: citizens who votenoon a water quality referendum have different preferences over allocating funds and providing cues to voters influenced allocation behavior. These results can assist decision makers in thinking about language used to communicate coastal water quality issues, particularly budget referenda.

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