scholarly journals DNA Barcoding of Scavenging Amphipod Communities at Active and Inactive Hydrothermal Vents in the Indian Ocean

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kniesz ◽  
Anna Maria Jażdżewska ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Terue Cristina Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Reference Databases ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
18S Rrna Genes ◽  
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria

Hydrothermal vent areas have drawn increasing interest since they were discovered in 1977. Because of chemoautotrophic bacteria, they possess high abundances of vent endemic species as well as many non-vent species around the fields. During the survey conducted by the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, BGR) to identify inactive polymetallic sulfide deposits along Central and Southeast Indian Ridges, the INDEX project studied the scavenging amphipod community at three newly discovered hydrothermal fields. A sample consisting of 463 representatives of Amphipoda (Malacostraca: Crustacea) was collected by means of baited traps in active and inactive vents of three different sites and subsequently studied by both morphological and genetic methods. Molecular methods included the analysis of two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] and 16S rRNA) and one nuclear (18S rRNA) genes. By six delimitation methods, 22 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) belonging to 12 genera and 10 families were defined. The existence of potential species complexes was noted for the representatives of the genus Paralicella. The inactive site, where 19 species were found, showed higher species richness than did the active one, where only 10 taxa were recorded. Seven genera, Ambasiopsis, Cleonardo, Eurythenes, Parandania, Pseudonesimus, Tectovalopsis, and Valettiopsis, were observed only at inactive sites, whereas Haptocallisoma, was collected exclusively at active ones. The species Abyssorchomene distinctus (Birstein and Vinogradov, 1960), Hirondellea brevicaudata Chevreux, 1910, and Hirondellea guyoti Barnard and Ingram, 1990, have been previously reported from vent sites in the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. The present study provides the first report of Eurythenes magellanicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) and five other already described species in the Indian Ocean. The addition of 356 sequences strongly increases the number of amphipod barcodes in reference databases and provides for the first time COI barcodes for Cleonardo neuvillei Chevreux, 1908, Haptocallisoma abyssi (Oldevig, 1959), Hirondellea guyoti, Tectovalopsis fusilus Barnard and Ingram, 1990, and the genera Haptocallisoma, Pseudonesimus, and Valettiopsis.

scholarly journals Out of the Pacific: A New Alvinellid Worm (Annelida: Terebellida) From the Northern Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuru Han ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Chunsheng Wang ◽  
Yadong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

Alvinellids have long been considered to be endemic to Pacific vents until recent discovery of their presence in the Indian Ocean. Here, a new alvinellid is characterized and formally named from recently discovered vents, Wocan, and Daxi, in the northern Indian Ocean. Both morphological and molecular evidences support its placement in the genus Paralvinella, representing the first characterized alvinellid species out of the Pacific. The new species, formally described as Paralvinella mira n. sp. herein, is morphologically most similar to Paralvinella hessleri from the northwest Pacific, but the two species differ in three aspects: (1), the first three chaetigers are not fused in P. mira n. sp., whereas fused in P. hessleri; (2), paired buccal tentacles short and pointed in P. mira but large and strongly pointed in P. hessleri; (3), numerous slender oral tentacles ungrouped in P. mira but two groups in P. hessleri. Phylogenetic inference using the concatenated alignments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes strongly supports the clustering of P. mira with two West Pacific congeners, P. hessleri and an undescribed species (Paralvinella sp. ZMBN). The resulting Indian/West Pacific lineage suggests a possible invasion into the Indian Ocean from the West Pacific. This is the third polychaete reported from Wocan hydrothermal field. Among the three species, two including P. mira and Hesiolyra heteropoda (Annelida:Hesionidae) are present in high abundance, forming an alvinellids/hesionids-dominated polychaete assemblage distinct from that at all other Central Indian Ridge and Southwest Indian Ridge vents. Thus, this study expands our understanding of alvinellid biogeography beyond the Pacific, and adds to the unique biodiversity of the northern Indian Ocean vents, with implications for biogeographic subdivision across the Indian Ocean ridges.

scholarly journals A new species of the genus Smacigastes Ivanenko & Defaye, 2004 (Tegastidae, Harpacticoida, Copepoda) from the Onnuri Vent Field in the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-714
Author(s):  
Jong Guk Kim ◽  
Jimin Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
A New Species

The genus Smacigastes Ivanenko & Defaye, 2004 (Harpacticoida, Copepoda) is the most primitive genus in the family Tegastidae Sars, 1904, occurring in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments, such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls and wood falls. Our exploration of the Onnuri Vent Field, the sixth active hydrothermal vent system in the Central Indian Ridge, resulted in the discovery of a new species in the genus Smacigastes. A detailed morphological analysis of S. pumilasp. nov. reveals that it most resembles S. barti Gollner, Ivanenko & Martínez Arbizu, 2008, described from a hydrothermal vent in the East Pacific Ridge; the new species can be distinguished from the existing species by the 8-segmented female antennule, the absence of an abexopodal seta on the antennary basis, the mandibular exopod represented by a single seta and the exopod of the first leg with five setae. This is the first record of Smacigastes in the Indian Ocean. A dichotomous key to species of the genus Smacigastes worldwide is provided.

scholarly journals Novel Forms of Structural Integration between Microbes and a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod from the Indian Ocean

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3082-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana K. Goffredi ◽  
Anders Warén ◽  
Victoria J. Orphan ◽  
Cindy L. Van Dover ◽  
Robert C. Vrijenhoek
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Esophageal Gland ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

ABSTRACT Here we describe novel forms of structural integration between endo- and episymbiotic microbes and an unusual new species of snail from hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean. The snail houses a dense population of γ-proteobacteria within the cells of its greatly enlarged esophageal gland. This tissue setting differs from that of all other vent mollusks, which harbor sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts in their gills. The significantly reduced digestive tract, the isotopic signatures of the snail tissues, and the presence of internal bacteria suggest a dependence on chemoautotrophy for nutrition. Most notably, this snail is unique in having a dense coat of mineralized scales covering the sides of its foot, a feature seen in no other living metazoan. The scales are coated with iron sulfides (pyrite and greigite) and heavily colonized by ε- and δ-proteobacteria, likely participating in mineralization of the sclerites. This novel metazoan-microbial collaboration illustrates the great potential of organismal adaptation in chemically and physically challenging deep-sea environments.

scholarly journals Sulphur-isotopic composition of the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus marisindicus from currently active hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Yamanaka ◽  
Chitoshi Mizota ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujiwara ◽  
Hitoshi Chiba ◽  
Jun Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sulphur Isotopic Composition

Sulphur-isotopic composition of soft tissues from Bathymodiolusmarisindicus collected from hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean was reported. The δ34S values of the soft tissues (+3∼+5‰ vs Cañyon Diablo troilite) were nearly identical to those from the associated hydrothermal fluid and chimney sulphides (+5 to +8‰), but were significantly different from that of the common seawater sulphate (+21‰), which suggested that the endosymbiotic bacteria used sulphide in the fluid as an energy source. Transmission electron microscopic observation of the endosymbionts also suggested that the symbiont is a thioautotroph. Bathymodiolus species, which depend on either sulphide or methane oxidation, or both, have a worldwide distribution. Bathymodiolus marisindicus from the Indian Ocean has a close relationship with congeners in the Pacific Ocean as evidenced by form of symbiosis. Biogeography and migration of the genus Bathymodiolus based on the relevant data are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Unique Characteristics of the Exoskeleton of Bythograeid Crab, Austinograea rodriguezensis in the Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent (Onnuri Vent Field)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Boongho Cho ◽  
Dongsung Kim ◽  
Hyeonmi Bae ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
First Time

Abstract The Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent is a region where a new oceanic crust is formed by magma at the interface of the deep-sea bed over 2000 m in depth. Here we examined for the first time the exoskeleton structure and mechanical properties of the bythograeid crab Austinograea Rodriguezensis living in hydrothermal vents. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray were used for structural analysis, and a nanoindentation system was used for mechanical analysis. The exoskeleton was divided into four layers: epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membrane. The thickness of each layer was different from that of other crustaceans previously reported. Additionally, the number of constituent elements, composition ratio, and hardness of each layer were unique among previously studied crabs. This observation indicates that those characteristics might have evolved for creatures with a hard exoskeleton living in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

scholarly journals Hirondellea sindhusagar (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea), a new deep-water scavenger species from the Indian Ocean, with a key to the genus Hirondellea

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMMY HORTON ◽  
MICHAEL THURSTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lateral Head

The amphipod genus Hirondellea Chevreux, 1889 is a cosmopolitan largely bathyal genus. This paper adds a new species from the bathyal Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, based on material collected by baited traps at 1182, 1184 and 1864 m off the coast of Pakistan. The species can be distinguished from the most closely allied species, Hirondellea brevicaudata (Chevreux, 1910) by the subacute lateral head lobes, the very weakly cleft telson, and characters of the mouthparts. A key to the ten species in the genus is provided.

scholarly journals Novel Chemoautotrophic Endosymbiosis between a Member of the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Hydrothermal-Vent Gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from the Indian Ocean

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5440-5450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohey Suzuki ◽  
Takenori Sasaki ◽  
Masae Suzuki ◽  
Yuichi Nogi ◽  
Tetsuya Miwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria

ABSTRACT The hydrothermal-vent gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri from the Kairei hydrothermal field on the Central Indian Ridge houses bacterium-like cells internally in its greatly enlarged gill. A single 16S rRNA gene sequence was obtained from the DNA extract of the gill, and phylogenetic analysis placed the source organism within a lineage of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with an oligonucleotide probe targeting the specific epsilonproteobacterial subgroup showed the bacterium densely colonizing the gill filaments. Carbon isotopic homogeneity among the gastropod tissue parts, regardless of the abundance of the endosymbiont cells, suggests that the carbon isotopic composition of the endosymbiont biomass is approximately the same as that of the gastropod. Compound-specific carbon isotopic analysis revealed that fatty acids from the gastropod tissues are all 13C enriched relative to the gastropod biomass and that the monounsaturated C16 fatty acid that originates from the endosymbiont is as 13C enriched relative to the gastropod biomass as that of the epsilonproteobacterial cultures grown under chemoautotrophic conditions. This fractionation pattern is most likely due to chemoautotrophy based on the reductive tricarboxylic-acid (rTCA) cycle and subsequent fatty acid biosynthesis from 13C-enriched acetyl coenzyme A. Enzymatic characterization revealed evident activity of several key enzymes of the rTCA cycle, as well as the absence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity in the gill tissue. The results from anatomic, molecular phylogenetic, bulk and compound-specific carbon isotopic, and enzymatic analyses all support the inference that a novel nutritional strategy relying on chemoautotrophy in the epsilonproteobacterial endosymbiont is utilized by the hydrothermal-vent gastropod from the Indian Ocean. The discrepancies between the data of the present study and those of previous ones for Alviniconcha gastropods from the Pacific Ocean imply that at least two lineages of chemoautotrophic bacteria, phylogenetically distinct at the subdivision level, occur as the primary endosymbiont in one host animal type.

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