scholarly journals Integrating Biophysical, Socio-Economic and Governance Principles Into Marine Reserve Design and Management in Mexico: From Theory to Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Précoma-de la Mora ◽  
Nathan J. Bennett ◽  
Stuart Fulton ◽  
Adrian Munguia-Vega ◽  
Cristina Lasch-Thaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Marine conservation design and fisheries management are increasingly integrating biophysical, socio-economic and governance considerations. Integrative approaches are adopted to achieve more effective, equitable, inclusive, and robust marine policies and practices. This paper describes a participatory process to co-produce biophysical, socio-economic, and governance principles to guide the design and management of marine reserves in three regions of Mexico: the Pacific region of the Baja California Peninsula, the Gulf of California, and the Mexican Caribbean. The process of co-producing the principles included convening a coordination team, reviewing the science, convening multi-stakeholder workshops, developing and communicating the principles with key practitioners and policy makers, and supporting uptake and application to policy and practice. Biophysical principles were related to: habitat representation and risk spreading; protecting critical, special and unique areas; incorporating connectivity; allowing time for recovery; adapting to changes in climate and ocean chemistry; and considering threats and opportunities. Socio-economic principles focused on: integrating the social context, local aspirations, and human-environment interactions; considering economic and non-economic uses, promoting an equitable distribution of costs and benefits, and respecting and maintaining cultural identity and diversity. Governance principles prioritized establishing and ensuring legitimacy and institutional continuity; implementing collaborative and adaptive management; and, promoting effective management. The paper also examines early efforts to implement the principles, next steps to promote further uptake and application in Mexico, and lessons learned from the process. Thus it provides insights into a practical process and a set of principles that are valuable to inform marine conservation and fisheries management processes elsewhere.

scholarly journals Prospects for community-based marine conservation in Nauru: Attitudes, policies & institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margo Deiye
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Gender Based

<p>This paper is about Nauru and its people, institutions, policies and in particular the communitybased fisheries management programme (CBFM). This study aims to identify those elements in the CBFM that makes it successful, where the institution endures overtime with a well-managed and thriving fisheries resource. This study explores the success criteria of community-based resource management.  The literature review covered broad and interdisciplinary literatures including the commons, comanagement, adaptive co-management and complex social-ecological systems in an attempt to identify some elements of success in community-based and co-management systems.  The study explores some of the current co-management practices and approaches in the Pacific region. A small number of Pacific fisheries experts and community-based practitioners were interviewed to share their views and experiences on lessons learnt and the implications of climate change for fisheries management in the region.  The study undertook a dwelling survey of 270 individuals and a gender-based focus group interviews in Nauru. This is to further investigate the willingness and capacity of the Nauruan people to participate in the CBFM while facing the poor economic conditions, the loss of traditional ecological knowledge and customary marine tenure, poor information about the state of marine resources, and limited opportunities for livelihood diversification.  An enabling environment is critical for development of such a framework, a functioning of institutions and having appropriate policies and legislation in place. Adaptive learning is important in successful a management framework. It can foster the development of an individual through social learning institutions within and between governments and communities and further promotes information sharing and awareness-raising.</p>

Marine conservation planning in practice: lessons learned from the Gulf of California

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge G. Álvarez-Romero ◽  
Robert L. Pressey ◽  
Natalie C. Ban ◽  
Jorge Torre-Cosío ◽  
Octavio Aburto-Oropeza
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Lessons Learned

Incorporating historical and ecological genetic data for leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) into marine reserve design in the Gulf of California

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Jackson ◽  
Adrian Munguía-Vega ◽  
Ricardo Beldade ◽  
Brad E. Erisman ◽  
Giacomo Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Mycteroperca Rosacea ◽  
Leopard Grouper ◽  
Marine Reserve Design

The effects of traditional fisheries management on fisheries yields and the coral-reef ecosystems of southern Kenya

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. MCCLANAHAN ◽  
H. GLAESEL ◽  
J. RUBENS ◽  
R. KIAMBO
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
National Organizations

Many traditions of coastal peoples may be viewed as traditional forms of marine conservation because, like modern fisheries management, they restrict fishing gear, fishing times, and places, but their effects are little studied in practice. A study was undertaken of human culture and fisheries resources in an area of southern Kenya, designated as a national marine reserve, to determine the effect of the existing 'traditional management' on fisheries yields and on the ecological condition of the fished reefs. This area has one of the oldest and most elaborate cultural traditions concerning sacred sites and rituals of sacrifice along the Kenyan coast. The purpose of the customs is, however, to appease spirits rather than to regulate fish stocks which are traditionally seen to fluctuate independently of fishing effort. Many of these traditions have decayed in recent times as Islamization of the culture has occurred, and authority has shifted towards national organizations, weakening the effectiveness of the traditional leaders. Coincidentally, fishers have adopted new or foreign gear, colleagues, and traditions. Two adjacent landing sites (Mvuleni and Mwanyaza) have, however, successfully stopped pull seiners from landing their catch at their sites for over 20 years through passive means. Other landing sites have adopted pull seining. Both landing areas use arguments based on tradition to justify their use of gear. The two landings that restrict pull seining have higher per capita fish catches than those that do not. Nonetheless, there were no obvious differences in the ecological condition of the reefs at these two management areas; both areas were amongst the most degraded reefs reported in East Africa. Biological diversity and coral cover were reduced greatly in all these areas compared to other fished or fully-protected marine park or reserve sites established by the national government. Presently, traditional management is not effective in protecting species diversity or ecological functions, which was probably never the intention of the customs. The conflict between national organizations and local fishers arises because some resource users are concerned that the management proposed by the national organizations will eventually lead to the total loss of access to, and control of the resource by local fishers. There is, therefore, a need to resolve conflicts concerning gear use and regulation, and a need to increase awareness of the expectations and management programmes among the national and local organizations. Many of the traditional forms of management are compatible with the policies of national organizations, but confusion and conflict occur concerning enforcement and its benefits. To solve these conflicts discussions are required between traditional and national fisheries leaders to develop mutually-acceptable policies that augment and share the power of management.

scholarly journals Designing connected marine reserves in the face of global warming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gabriel Álvarez-Romero ◽  
Adrián Munguía-Vega ◽  
Maria Beger ◽  
Maria del Mar Mancha-Cisneros ◽  
Alvin N. Suárez-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Larval Connectivity ◽  
Graph Theoretical Approach ◽  
Reserve Networks

Marine reserves are widely used to protect species important for conservation and fisheries and to help maintain ecological processes that sustain their populations, including recruitment and dispersal. Achieving these goals requires well-connected networks of marine reserves that maximize larval connectivity, thus allowing exchanges between populations and recolonization after local disturbances. However, global warming can disrupt connectivity by shortening potential dispersal pathways through changes in larval physiology. These changes can compromise the performance of marine reserve networks, thus requiring adjusting their design to account for ocean warming. To date, empirical approaches to marine prioritization have not considered larval connectivity as affected by global warming. Here, we develop a framework for designing marine reserve networks that integrates graph theory and changes in larval connectivity due to potential reductions in planktonic larval duration (PLD) associated with ocean warming, given current socioeconomic constraints. Using the Gulf of California as case study, we assess the benefits and costs of adjusting networks to account for connectivity, with and without ocean warming. We compare reserve networks designed to achieve representation of species and ecosystems with networks designed to also maximize connectivity under current and future ocean-warming scenarios. Our results indicate that current larval connectivity could be reduced significantly under ocean warming because of shortened PLDs. Given the potential changes in connectivity, we show that our graph-theoretical approach based on centrality (eigenvector and distance-weighted fragmentation) of habitat patches can help design better-connected marine reserve networks for the future with equivalent costs. We found that maintaining dispersal connectivity incidentally through representation-only reserve design is unlikely, particularly in regions with strong asymmetric patterns of dispersal connectivity. Our results support previous studies suggesting that, given potential reductions in PLD due to ocean warming, future marine reserve networks would require more and/or larger reserves in closer proximity to maintain larval connectivity.

scholarly journals Prospects for community-based marine conservation in Nauru: Attitudes, policies & institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margo Deiye
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Gender Based

<p>This paper is about Nauru and its people, institutions, policies and in particular the communitybased fisheries management programme (CBFM). This study aims to identify those elements in the CBFM that makes it successful, where the institution endures overtime with a well-managed and thriving fisheries resource. This study explores the success criteria of community-based resource management.  The literature review covered broad and interdisciplinary literatures including the commons, comanagement, adaptive co-management and complex social-ecological systems in an attempt to identify some elements of success in community-based and co-management systems.  The study explores some of the current co-management practices and approaches in the Pacific region. A small number of Pacific fisheries experts and community-based practitioners were interviewed to share their views and experiences on lessons learnt and the implications of climate change for fisheries management in the region.  The study undertook a dwelling survey of 270 individuals and a gender-based focus group interviews in Nauru. This is to further investigate the willingness and capacity of the Nauruan people to participate in the CBFM while facing the poor economic conditions, the loss of traditional ecological knowledge and customary marine tenure, poor information about the state of marine resources, and limited opportunities for livelihood diversification.  An enabling environment is critical for development of such a framework, a functioning of institutions and having appropriate policies and legislation in place. Adaptive learning is important in successful a management framework. It can foster the development of an individual through social learning institutions within and between governments and communities and further promotes information sharing and awareness-raising.</p>

scholarly journals Researcher perspectives on challenges and opportunities in conservation physiology revealed from an online survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L Madliger ◽  
Oliver P Love ◽  
Vivian M Nguyen ◽  
Neal R Haddaway ◽  
Steven J Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Conservation Physiology ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Abstract Conservation physiology represents a recently emerging arm of conservation science that applies physiological tools and techniques to understand and solve conservation issues. While a multi-disciplinary toolbox can only help to address the global biodiversity crisis, any field can face challenges while becoming established, particularly highly applied disciplines that require multi-stakeholder involvement. Gaining first-hand knowledge of the challenges that conservation physiologists are facing can help characterize the current state of the field and build a better foundation for determining how it can grow. Through an online survey of 468 scientists working at the intersection of physiology and conservation, we aimed to identify characteristics of those engaging in conservation physiology research (e.g. demographics, primary taxa of study), gauge conservation physiology’s role in contributing to on-the-ground conservation action, identify the perceived barriers to achieving success and determine how difficult any identified barriers are to overcome. Despite all participants having experience combining physiology and conservation, only one-third considered themselves to be ‘conservation physiologists’. Moreover, there was a general perception that conservation physiology does not yet regularly lead to tangible conservation success. Respondents identified the recent conceptualization of the field and the broader issue of adequately translating science into management action as the primary reasons for these deficits. Other significant barriers that respondents have faced when integrating physiology and conservation science included a lack of funding, logistical constraints (e.g. sample sizes, obtaining permits) and a lack of physiological baseline data (i.e. reference ranges of a physiological metric’s ‘normal’ or pre-environmental change levels). We identified 12 actions based on suggestions of survey participants that we anticipate will help deconstruct the barriers and continue to develop a narrative of physiology that is relevant to conservation science, policy and practice.

scholarly journals Linking Habitat and Associated Abiotic Conditions to Predict Fish Hotspots Distribution Areas within La Paz Bay: Evaluating Marine Conservation Areas

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Urcádiz-Cázares ◽  
Víctor Hugo Cruz-Escalona ◽  
Mark S. Peterson ◽  
Rosalía Aguilar-Medrano ◽  
Emigdio Marín-Enríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Presence Data

Hotspots are priority marine or terrestrial areas with high biodiversity where delineation is essential for conservation, but equally important is their linkage to the environmental policies of the overall region. In this study, fish diversity presences were linked to abiotic conditions and different habitat types to reveal multi-species and hotspots models predicted by ecological niche modelling methods within the Bay of La Paz, Mexico (south of Gulf of California). The abiotically suitable areas for 217 fish species were identified based on historical (1975–2020) presence data sets and a set of environmental layers related to distances from mangroves and rocky shores habitats, marine substrate, and bottom geomorphology conditions. Hotspot model distribution was delineated from a multi-species model identifying areas with ≥60 species per hectare and was compared to the marine conservation areas such Balandra Protected Natural Area (BPNA), illustrating how these models can be applied to improve the local regulatory framework. The results indicate that (1) there is a need for the BPNA to be enlarged to capture more of the delineated hotspot areas, and thus an update to the management plan will be required, (2) new conservation areas either adjacent or outside of the established BPNA should be established, or (3) Ramsar sites or other priority areas should be subject to legal recognition and a management plan decreed so that these vital habitats and fish diversity can be better protected.

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