Reassortment of Avian Influenza A/H6N6 Viruses from Live Poultry Markets in Guangdong, China

Three cases of the avian influenza A (H9N2) virus have been documented in Changsha, which is a large city that has nine districts and a population of 7.04 million in central South China. Among these patients, one was a girl and two were boys. The ages of the patients were 9 months, 2 years, and 15 years. Two cases of H9N2 were detected in September, 2015 and one was detected in 2017. Two patients were children who had not reached the age for kindergarten and one was a student. These three cases were all mild and were detected in a sentinel hospital of the Chinese Influenza Surveillance System. We describe the clinical and epidemiological features of the youngest patient with H9N2 in 2017 and the surveillance results of the H9N2 virus in live poultry markets in Changsha. From January 2014 to December 2017, 4212 samples were collected in live poultry markets in Changsha, among which 25.81% (1087/4212) were H9N2-positive. Public health concerns should be addressed for emerging H9N2 virus infection, and more strategies should be performed before this virus mutates to be more transmissible and highly pathogenic.

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Interventions in live poultry markets for the control of avian influenza: A systematic review

One Health ◽

10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.03.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Vittoria Offeddu ◽

Benjamin J. Cowling ◽

J.S. Malik Peiris

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

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Emergence of human avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in Wenshan City in Southwest China, 2017

10.21203/rs.2.18482/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Li Jiang ◽

Xiaonan Zhao ◽

Wen Xu ◽

Xuehua Zhou ◽

Chunrui Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Viral Gene ◽

H7n9 Virus ◽

Genetic Sequencing ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Virus Spreading ◽

Live Poultry Markets

Abstract Background: The emergence of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was reported in Wenshan City, southwestern China in 2017. The study describes the epidemiological and virological features of the outbreak and discusses the origin of the infection. Methods: Poultry exposure and timelines of key events for each patient were collected. Samples derived from the patients, their close contacts, and environments were tested for influenza A(H7N9) virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also conducted. Results: Five patients were reported in the outbreak. An epidemiological investigation showed that all patients had been exposed at live poultry markets. Virus isolates from these patients had low pathogenicity in avian species. Both epidemiological investigations of chicken sources and phylogenetic analysis of viral gene sequences indicated that the source of infection was from Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The transmission route spanned a long geographical region, with virus spreading from east to west. Chickens were an important carrier in the H7N9 virus spreading from Guangxi to Wenshan. Hygienic management of live poultry markets and virological screening of chickens transported across regions should be reinforced to limit the spread of H7N9 virus.

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Comparison of the three waves of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus circulation since live poultry markets were permanently closed in the main urban areas in Zhejiang Province, July 2014-June 2017

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses ◽

10.1111/irv.12532 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 259-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wei Cheng ◽

Xiaoxiao Wang ◽

Ye Shen ◽

Zhao Yu ◽

Shelan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Influenza A ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

H7n9 Virus ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

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Environmental Sampling for Avian Influenza A(H7N9) in Live-Poultry Markets in Guangdong, China

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0126335 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e0126335 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Min Kang ◽

Jianfeng He ◽

Tie Song ◽

Shannon Rutherford ◽

Jie Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Environmental Sampling ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

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Epidemiology of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in the two waves before and after October 2013 in Zhejiang province, China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881400257x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (9) ◽

pp. 1839-1845 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

X. Y. WANG ◽

C. L. CHAI ◽

F. D. LI ◽

F. HE ◽

Z. YU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

H7n9 Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Before And After ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Second Wave ◽

Live Poultry Markets

SUMMARYWe compared the epidemiological and clinical features of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in the population in Zhejiang province, China, between March and April 2013 (first wave) and October 2013 and February 2014 (second wave). No statistical difference was found for age, sex, occupation, presence of underlying conditions, exposure history, white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage and illness timeline and duration (all P > 0·05). The virus spread to 30 new counties compared to the first wave. The case-fatality rate was 22% in the first wave and 42% in the second (P = 0·023). Of those infected, 66% in the first wave and 62% in the second wave had underlying conditions. The proportion of those exposed to live poultry markets were 80% and 66%, respectively. We recommend permanent closure of live poultry markets and reformation of poultry supply and sales.

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