scholarly journals Description of the First Four Species of the Genus Pseudogymnoascus From Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Villanueva ◽  
Ghislaine Vásquez ◽  
Carlos Gil-Durán ◽  
Vicente Oliva ◽  
Anaí Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Antarctic Marine Sponges ◽  
Shape And Size

The genus Pseudogymnoascus represents a diverse group of fungi widely distributed in different cold regions on Earth. Our current knowledge of the species of Pseudogymnoascus is still very limited. Currently, there are only 15 accepted species of Pseudogymnoascus that have been isolated from different environments in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, species of Pseudogymnoascus from the Southern Hemisphere have not yet been described. In this work, we characterized four fungal strains obtained from Antarctic marine sponges. Based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterizations we determined that these strains are new species, for which the names Pseudogymnoascus antarcticus sp. nov., Pseudogymnoascus australis sp. nov., Pseudogymnoascus griseus sp. nov., and Pseudogymnoascus lanuginosus sp. nov. are proposed. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species form distinct lineages separated from other species of Pseudogymnoascus with strong support. The new species do not form sexual structures and differ from the currently known species mainly in the shape and size of their conidia, the presence of chains of arthroconidia, and the appearance of their colonies. This is the first report of new species of Pseudogymnoascus not only from Antarctica but also from the Southern Hemisphere.

Chemotactic tube-foot responses of the spongivorous sea star Perknaster fuscus to organic extracts of sponges from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. McClintock ◽  
B.J. Baker ◽  
C.D. Amsler ◽  
T.L. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Antarctic Marine Sponges

Studies were continued to investigate the ability of secondary metabolites sequestered in Antarctic sponges to cause feeding deterrent responses (tube foot retractions) in a common predator of Aritarctic sponges, the sea star Perknaster fuscus. Lipophilic (dichloromethane/methanol) and hydrophilic (methanol/water) extracts of 15 new species of Antarctic marine sponges were tested for their ability to induce sustained tubefoot retraction. One additional species, Cinchyra antarctica, was re-tested from a previous study because we discovered a colour morph that was of comparative interest. Employing established protocols, sponge extracts were imbedded in silicone and presented to an extended tube-foot on the tip of a glass rod. Extracts of ten of the 15 new species of sponges (67%) caused significantly longer tube-foot retractions than controls. Among all sponges tested, significant tube-foot retraction activity was primarily associated with dichloromethane/methanol extracts (eleven sponge species or colour morphs), while significant tube-foot retraction activity was less common in response to methanol/water extracts (three sponges species or colour morphs). Both lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from the sponges C. antarctica (yellow morph) and Scolymastia joubini elicited significant tube-foot retraction activity, suggesting that more than one compound from these speciesmight elicit tube-foot retractions in P. fuscus. Overall these findings lend considerable support to the hypothesis that there has been significant evolutionary selection for chemical defences among Antarctic marine sponges in McMurdo Sound, in contrast to earlier biogeographic selection models that predicted low levels of chemical defences in polar marine invertebrates.

scholarly journals Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Matthew E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Atraporiella (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 332 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZI-QIANG WU ◽  
SHAN SHEN ◽  
KAI-YUE LUO ◽  
ZHENG-HUI WANG ◽  
CHANG-LIN ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Atraporiella yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by cream pore surface when dry, which is easy to separate from substrate and very rapidly stained dark brown to black when bruised; hyphal system monomitic with generative hyphae hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, unbranched, interwoven; slightly allantoid basidiospores, 2.2–3 × 0.8–1.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that Atraporiella yunnanensis belonged to the residual polyporoid clade, formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to A. neotropica, and then grouped with other related genera: Antrodiella, Pouzaroporia, Steccherinum and Xanthoporus. Both morphological and molecular characters confirmed the placement of the new species in Atraporiella.

Two new Hypomyces associated with boletoid fungi in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 516 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
XIN GU ◽  
RONG FU ◽  
RUI WANG ◽  
JING-ZU SUN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fungicolous Fungi ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Shape And Size

During an investigation of fungicolous fungi associated with mushrooms in China, four boleticolous fungi were collected from Sichuan Province. Based on the morphological features and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses this study introduces two new species, Hypomyces ampullaris, and H. sichuanensis. The new species are described and illustrated comprehensively and compared with their related fungi. Hypomyces ampullaris is similar to Sepedonium ampullosporum in forming candelabrum-like conidiophores and producing ampulliform conidia but differs from the latter in having shorter phialides and smaller ampulloconidia. Hypomyces sichuanensis is similar to H. chrysospermus, H. microspermus, and Sepedonium laevigatum in forming poorly developed verticills conidiophores and the shape and size of aleurioconidia. However, the asexual spores of H. sichuanensis averaged somewhat smaller than those of H. chrysospermus and S. laevigatum, and larger than that of H. microspermus. Additionally, H. ampullaris and H. sichuanensis distinct from their close relatives in no pigment discoloration of the PDA medium. These species introduced here, improve our understanding of the diversity of Hypomyces, especially of the boleticolous Hypomyces in China.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological evidence reveal a new genus and species in Auriculariales from tropical China

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Sheng Yuan ◽  
Xu Lu ◽  
Cony Decock
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Tropical China

Grammatuslabyrinthinusgen. et sp. nov. is proposed based on DNA sequences data and morphological characteristics. It is known so far from southern, tropical China. The new species is characterised by an annual, resupinate basidiocarp with a shallow, subporoid hymenophore, a hymenium restricted to the bottom of the tubes, a dimitic hyphal system, presence of encrusted skeletocystidia and dendrohyphidia, longitudinally septate basidia and smooth, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical, acyanophilous basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS + nLSU DNA sequences data indicate that G.labyrinthinus belongs to Auriculariaceae in which it has an isolated position. Phylogenetic inferences show G.labyrinthinus to be related to Heteroradulum. However, the ITS sequences similarity between G.labyrinthinus and H.kmetii, the type species of Heteroradulum, were 89.84% and support the establishment of the new genus. Inversely, Heteroradulumsemis clustered with G.labyrinthinus with strong support and it is transferred to Grammatus.

A new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Simulium (Simulium) multistriatum species-group from Thailand

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4586 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIRAPORN THAIJARERN ◽  
KOMGRIT WONGPAKAM ◽  
ANONGRIT KANGRANG ◽  
PAIROT PRAMUAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Interspecific Genetic Distance

A new black fly species of the Simulium multistriatum species-group of the subgenus Simulium Latreille is described from the mountainous area in northeastern Thailand, based on morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequences. The new species is morphologically similar to S. laui Takaoka and Sofian-Azirun and S. lacduongense Takaoka and Ya’cob originally described from Vietnam, S. fenestratum Edwards originally described from Indonesia and S. chaliowae Takaoka and Boonkemtong originally described from Thailand, but can be distinguished in the adult stage by the number of upper eye facets and globular shape of the spermatheca and in the pupal stage by the cocoon and shape of thoracic tubercles. Genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences differentiated the new species from other members of S. multistriatum species-group. All specimens of the new species formed a monophyletic clade with strong support in all phylogenetic analyses. The minimum interspecific genetic distance of 4.9% is considerably greater than the new species maximum intraspecific genetic distance (2.7%). 

Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): morphology, song and 16S rDNA phylogeny

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3401 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARP KAYA ◽  
DRAGAN CHOBANOV ◽  
BATTAL ÇIPLAK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The new species Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) is described from south-eastern Turkey. Description, diagnosis and relationships of the new species were studied utilizing morphology, male calling songs and 16S rDNA sequence data from all species in the genus. Morphology and song syllable structure indicate A. davrazensis sp. n. is related to A. uludaghensis. Phylogenetic analyses based on representative haplotypes of 16S rDNA, using Sureyaella bella, Parapholidoptera distincta and Bolua turkiyae as outgroups, also suggested strong support to the relationship of these two species. A. davrazensis sp. n. differs from its closest relative A. uludaghensis by the higher number of stridulatory pegs and the song, consisting of irregular syllable groups.

Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Perenniporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
SHAN SHEN ◽  
TAI-MIN XU ◽  
JASON KARAKEHIAN ◽  
CHANG-LIN ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
Molecular Characters

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Perenniporia bostonensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by resupinate, cream to buff pore surface; a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae strongly dextrinoid, unbranched, interwoven and a distinct wide lumen; ovoid to broad ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, distinct thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid basidiospores, 3.5–4.5 × 3–4 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P. bostonensis recognized in Perenniporia sensu stricto. The new species formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to P. bannaensis and P. koreana. Both morphological and molecular characters confirmed the placement of the new species in Perenniporia.

scholarly journals Cold-active pectinolytic activity produced by filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Poveda ◽  
Carlos Gil-Durán ◽  
Inmaculada Vaca ◽  
Gloria Levicán ◽  
Renato Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Cold Active ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Antarctic Marine Sponges

Description of a new species of Dicyphus Fieber (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Portugal based on morphological and molecular data

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Cassis ◽  
Jose Isidro Martinez-Cascales ◽  
Juan Antonio Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Dicyphus Tamaninii ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Similar Pair ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of the plantbug genus Dicyphus (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), D. umbertae Sanchez & Cassis sp. n., from Portugal is described and the closely related species, Dicyphus cerastii Wagner is redescribed. Several body measurements were taken. Male and female genitalia of both species are illustrated. D. umbertae was found in several localities in Central and South of Portugal on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and Hyosciamus albus L. D. cerastii was found in southeast Spain on squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), L. esculentum, Ononis natrix L., Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy and H. albus. The external morphology of the two species is very alike and measurements overlap. In the two species the aedeagus has a similar pair of prominent slightly arcuate sclerites, but the shape and setae on the left paramere are different. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using 381 bp fragments of Cytochrome b. Other dicyphine species were used as outgroups in the analyses: Dicyphus tamaninii Wagner, D. rubicundus Blöte, D. escalerae Lindberg, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter), Cyrtopeltis geniculata Fieber and Macrolophus sp. Several evolutionary models were explored under a maximum likelihood framework. The molecular analyses provided strong support for the species identity of the two sister species D. umbertae and D. cerastii.

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