scholarly journals Characterization of HIV-1 Epidemic in Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya V. Sivay ◽  
Alexei V. Totmenin ◽  
Daria P. Zyryanova ◽  
Irina P. Osipova ◽  
Tatyana M. Nalimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hiv 1

Kyrgyzstan has one of the highest rates of HIV-1 spread in Central Asia. In this study, we used molecular–epidemiological approaches to examine the HIV-1 epidemic in Kyrgyzstan. Samples were obtained from HIV-positive individuals who visited HIV/AIDS clinics. Partial pol gene sequences were used to identify HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and to perform phylogenetic analysis. Genetic diversity and history reconstruction of the major HIV-1 subtypes were explored using BEAST. This study includes an analysis of 555 HIV-positive individuals. The study population was equally represented by men and women aged 1–72 years. Heterosexual transmission was the most frequent, followed by nosocomial infection. Men were more likely to acquire HIV-1 during injection drug use and while getting clinical services, while women were more likely to be infected through sexual contacts (p < 0.01). Heterosexual transmission was the more prevalent among individuals 25–49 years old; individuals over 49 years old were more likely to be persons who inject drugs (PWID). The major HIV-1 variants were CRF02_AG, CRF63_02A, and sub-subtype A6. Major DRMs were detected in 26.9% of the study individuals; 62.2% of those had DRMs to at least two antiretroviral (ARV) drug classes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a well-defined structure of CRF02_AG, indicating locally evolving sub-epidemics. The lack of well-defined phylogenetic structure was observed for sub-subtype A6. The estimated origin date of CRF02_AG was January 1997; CRF63_02A, April 2004; and A6, June 1995. A rapid evolutionary dynamic of CRF02_AG and A6 among Kyrgyz population since the mid-1990s was observed. We observed the high levels of HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance in the study population. Complex patterns of HIV-1 phylogenetics in Kyrgyzstan were found. This study highlights the importance of molecular–epidemiological analysis for HIV-1 surveillance and treatment implementation to reduce new HIV-1 infections.

Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 CRF55_01B in Guangdong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Guolong Yu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xuhe Huang ◽  
Pingping Zhou ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Primary Drug

Background: HIV-1 CRF55_01B was first reported in 2013. At present, no report is available regarding this new clade’s polymorphisms in its functionally critical regions protease and reverse transcriptase. Objective: To identify the diversity difference in protease and reverse transcriptase between CRF55_01B and its parental clades CRF01_AE and subtype B; and to investigate CRF55_01B’s drug resistance mutations associated with the protease inhibition and reverse transcriptase inhibition. Methods: HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma derived from a MSM population. The reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification were performed following our in-house PCR procedure. Genotyping and drug resistant-associated mutations and polymorphisms were identified based on polygenetic analyses and the usage of the HIV Drug Resistance Database, respectively. Results: A total of 9.24 % of the identified CRF55_01B sequences bear the primary drug resistance. CRF55_01B contains polymorphisms I13I/V, G16E and E35D that differ from those in CRF01_AE. Among the 11 polymorphisms in the RT region, seven were statistically different from CRF01_AE’s. Another three polymorphisms, R211K (98.3%), F214L (98.3%), and V245A/E (98.3 %.), were identified in the RT region and they all were statistically different with that of the subtype B. The V179E/D mutation, responsible for 100% potential low-level drug resistance, was found in all CRF55_01B sequences. Lastly, the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated 18 distinct clusters that account for 35% of the samples. Conclusions: CRF55_01B’s pol has different genetic diversity comparing to its counterpart in CRF55_01B’s parental clades. CRF55_01B has a high primary drug resistance presence and the V179E/D mutation may confer more vulnerability to drug resistance.

scholarly journals HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in the northern Brazilian region

2021 ◽  
pp. 101596
Author(s):  
Myuki Esashika Crispim ◽  
Monica Nogueira da Guarda Reis ◽  
Mariane Martins de Araujo Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv 1

Alarming rate of transmitted drug resistance mutations and genetic diversity in newly HIV-1-infected patients in Benin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond Tchiakpe ◽  
Rene K Keke ◽  
Nicole Vidal ◽  
Clément Ahoussinou ◽  
Olga Sekpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Primary Drug

Abstract BackgroundSeventeen years after the start of the IBAARV (Beninese initiative for access to antiretrovirals), transmitted drug resistance mutations in ARV naïve patients and HIV-1 genetic diversity were investigated in Benin.Methods353 plasma samples were collected between October and December 2017 in nineteen facilities care in Benin from HIV-1 positive and ARV naive individuals. Pol (protease + partial RT) region was amplified and sequenced in 248 samples.ResultsDrug resistance mutations were detected in (27/248; 10.9%) according to the WHO SDRM 2009 list, with predominance of mutations directed to NNRTIs drugs (24/248; 10%).Phylogenetic and recombination analyses showed a predominance of CRF02_AG strains (165/248; 66.5%) and a high genetic diversity with five other variants and 39 URFs (15.7%) which contained portions of strains that co-circulate in Benin. Eight recent transmission chains revealed active ongoing transmission of HIV-1 strains among ARV naïve patients.ConclusionsOur study showed a high primary drug resistance rate and a complex genetic diversity. Regular monitoring of primary drug resistance is required to adapt HIV-1 treatment strategies and adoption of new WHO recommendations in Benin.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations Among Treatment-Naive Adult Patients in Suriname

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Abdoel Wahid ◽  
Rachel Sno ◽  
Edith Darcissac ◽  
Anne Lavergne ◽  
Malti R. Adhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágabo Macêdo da Costa e Silva ◽  
Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis ◽  
Thaís Augusto Marinho ◽  
Nara Rúbia de Freitas ◽  
Sheila Araújo Teles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

This study describes human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) prevalence, associated factors, viral genetic diversity, transmitted drug resistance (TDR), and acquired drug resistance mutations (DRM) among a population of 522 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in Goiânia city, the capital of the State of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil. All serum samples were tested using a four-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblotting. Plasma RNA or proviral DNA was extracted, and partial polymerase (pol) gene including the protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) region was amplified and sequenced. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by phylogenetic inference and by bootscan analysis. The time and location of the ancestral strains that originated the transmission clusters were estimated by a Bayesian phylogeographic approach. TDR and DRM were identified using the Stanford databases. Overall, HIV-1 prevalence was 17.6% (95% CI: 12.6–23.5). Self-declared black skin color, receptive anal intercourse, sex with drug user partner, and history of sexually transmitted infections were factors associated with HIV-1 infection. Of 105 HIV-1-positive samples, 78 (74.3%) were sequenced and subtyped as B (65.4%), F1 (20.5%), C (3.8%), and BF1 (10.3%). Most HIV-1 subtype B sequences (67%; 34 out of 51) branched within 12 monophyletic clusters of variable sizes, which probably arose in the State of Goiás between the 1980s and 2010s. Most subtype F1 sequences (n = 14, 88%) branched in a single monophyletic cluster that probably arose in Goiás around the late 1990s. Among 78 samples sequenced, three were from patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART); two presented DRM. Among 75 ART-naïve patients, TDR was identified in 13 (17.3%; CI 95%: 9.6–27.8). Resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) predominated (14.7%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (5.3%) and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations (1.3%). This study shows a high prevalence of HIV-1 associated with sexual risk behaviors, high rate of TDR, and high genetic diversity driven by the local expansion of different subtype B and F1 strains. These findings can contribute to the understanding about the dissemination and epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV-1 among the population of MSM living away from the epicenter of epidemics in Brazil.

HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Female Sex Workers from a Brazilian Municipality in the Amazon Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Mota da Costa ◽  
Paula Cristina R. Frade ◽  
Lucinaldo da Silva Blandtt ◽  
Gláucia C. Silva-Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Fernando A. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Evolution of genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 among untreated patients from Mali between 2005 and 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Derache ◽  
A.-I. Maiga ◽  
O. Traore ◽  
A. Akonde ◽  
M. Cisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv 1
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