scholarly journals The Neuroimmunology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and the Potential Role of an Aging Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Hagen ◽  
Shalina S. Ousman
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Condition ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a paralyzing autoimmune condition affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Within GBS there are several variants affecting different aspects of the peripheral nerve. In general, there appears to be a role for T cells, macrophages, B cells, and complement in initiating and perpetuating attacks on gangliosides of Schwann cells and axons. Of note, GBS has an increased prevalence and severity with increasing age. In addition, there are alterations in immune cell functioning that may play a role in differences in GBS with age alongside general age-related declines in reparative processes (e.g., delayed de-differentiation of Schwann cells and decline in phagocytic ability of macrophages). The present review will explore the immune response in GBS as well as in animal models of several variants of the disorder. In addition, the potential involvement of an aging immune system in contributing to the increased prevalence and severity of GBS with age will be theorized.

Role of Panchkarma in the management of Guillain Barre Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharma Lalita ◽  
Srivastava Alok ◽  
Singh Anupama ◽  
Upreti Diksha ◽  
Poonam Poonam
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare disorder in which your body’s immune system attacks your nerves. The syndrome afflicts about one person in 100,000. Either gender can be affected in any age group especially between ages 30 and 50, however risk increases with age. The exact cause of GBS is unknown. It is often preceded by an infection such as respiratory infection or stomach flu. Most of the time, signs of the original infection have disappeared before the symptoms of Guillain-Barre begin. Guillain-Barre syndrome damages parts of nerves. This nerve damage causes tingling, muscle weakness and paralysis. Guillain-Barre syndrome most often affects the nerve's covering (myelin sheath). Such damage is called demyelination and it causes nerve signals to move more slowly. Damage to other parts of the nerve can cause the nerve to stop working altogether. It is a paralyzing syndrome which can have dire consequences if not managed by an informed medical team. As per as Ayurvedic concept, based on various clinical presentations of G.B. Syndrome, it can be correlated with Kaphavrut Vata, Medavruta Vata, Sarvang Vata, too. Thus based on involvement of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and patient condition one should plan the different Ayurvedic line of treatment. This article will explain how this disorder begins, how it is managed in Ayurveda by taking help of the Panchkarma procedures such as Basti, Abhayanga etc.

Role of Gancyclovir and HAART Administration in the Treatment of a Rare Complication of HIV Disease: Cytomegalovirus-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Calza ◽  
R. Manfredi ◽  
G. Marinacci ◽  
E. Briganti ◽  
R. Giuliani S. Talo' ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Complication ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Role of therapeutic plasmapheresis in the acute Guillain-Barré syndrome

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. McKhann ◽  
J.W. Griffin ◽  
D.R. Cornblath ◽  
S.A. Quaskey ◽  
E.D. Mellits
Keyword(s):  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Almutairi ◽  
Farzane Sivandzade ◽  
Thamer H. Albekairi ◽  
Faleh Alqahtani ◽  
Luca Cucullo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include dry cough, difficult breathing, fever, fatigue, and may lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure. There are significant gaps in the current understanding of whether SARS-CoV-2 attacks the CNS directly or through activation of the peripheral immune system and immune cell infiltration. Although the modality of neurological impairments associated with COVID-19 has not been thoroughly investigated, the latest studies have observed that SARS-CoV-2 induces neuroinflammation and may have severe long-term consequences. Here we review the literature on possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced-neuroinflammation. Activation of the innate immune system is associated with increased cytokine levels, chemokines, and free radicals in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic response at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB disruption allows immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the CNS activating immune resident cells (such as microglia and astrocytes). This review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation, which may lead to neuronal death. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help gain substantial knowledge about the potential role of SARS-CoV-2 in neurological changes and plan possible therapeutic intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Role of Anti-ganglioside Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome as an Alternate Investigation

Cureus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman Saeed ◽  
Behzad Kaleem Baloch ◽  
Syed Nayer Mahmud ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Safdar Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Ganglioside Antibodies ◽  
Guillain Barré
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