scholarly journals Insight Into the Mechanisms and the Challenges on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyong Liu ◽  
Sydney Reiter ◽  
Xiangyue Zhou ◽  
Hanmin Chen ◽  
Yibo Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Lesion Core ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

Strokes are the most common types of cerebrovascular disease and remain a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemic stroke is caused by a reduction in blood flow to the brain. In this disease, two major zones of injury are identified: the lesion core, in which cells rapidly progress toward death, and the ischemic penumbra (surrounding the lesion core), which is defined as hypoperfusion tissue where cells may remain viable and can be repaired. Two methods that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include intravenous thrombolytic therapy and endovascular thrombectomy, however, the narrow therapeutic window poses a limitation, and therefore a low percentage of stroke patients actually receive these treatments. Developments in stem cell therapy have introduced renewed hope to patients with ischemic stroke due to its potential effect for reversing the neurological sequelae. Over the last few decades, animal tests and clinical trials have been used to treat ischemic stroke experimentally with various types of stem cells. However, several technical and ethical challenges must be overcome before stem cells can become a choice for the treatment of stroke. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms, processes, and challenges of using stem cells in stroke treatment. We also discuss new developing trends in this field.

The Role of Exogenous Neural Stem Cells Transplantation in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukui Chen ◽  
Rong Qiu ◽  
Lushen Li ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Haiqin Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cells Transplantation ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

scholarly journals Preconditioning Strategies to Enhance Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Farah Amna Othman ◽  
Suat Cheng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been proposed as an alternative novel therapy to replace damaged neural circuitry after ischemic stroke onset. Nonetheless, albeit the potential of these cells for stroke therapy, many critical challenges are yet to be overcome to reach clinical applications. The major limitation of the NSC-based therapy is its inability to retain most of the donor stem cells after grafting into an ischemic brain area which is lacking of essential oxygen and nutrients for the survival of transplanted cells. Low cell survival rate limits the capacity of NSCs to repair the injured area and this poses a much more difficult challenge to the NSC-based therapy for ischemic stroke. In order to enhance the survival of transplanted cells, several stem cell culture preconditioning strategies have been employed. For ischemic diseases, hypoxic preconditioning is the most commonly applied strategy since the last few decades. Now, the preconditioning strategies have been developed and expanded enormously throughout years of efforts. This review systematically presented studies searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus and the Google Scholar database up to 31 March 2020 based on search words containing the following terms: “precondition” or “pretreatment” and “neural stem cell” and “ischemic stroke”. The searched data comprehensively reported seven major NSC preconditioning strategies including hypoxic condition, small drug molecules such as minocycline, doxycycline, interleukin-6, adjudin, sodium butyrate and nicorandil, as well as electrical stimulation using conductive polymer for ischemic stroke treatment. We discussed therapeutic benefits gained from these preconditioned NSC for in vitro and in vivo stroke studies and the detailed insights of the mechanisms underlying these preconditioning approaches. Nonetheless, we noticed that there was a scarcity of evidence on the efficacy of these preconditioned NSCs in human clinical studies, therefore, it is still too early to draw a definitive conclusion on the efficacy and safety of this active compound for patient usage. Thus, we suggest for more in-depth clinical investigations of this cell-based therapy to develop into more conscientious and judicious evidence-based therapy for clinical application in the future.

Angiogenesis and stem cell transplantation as potential treatments of cerebral ischemic stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wei ◽  
Christine L. Keogh ◽  
Vivian Riley Whitaker ◽  
Michelle Hedrick Theus ◽  
Shan Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

scholarly journals Potential Mechanisms and Perspectives in Ischemic Stroke Treatment Using Stem Cell Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyang Zhou ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Shiqi Gao ◽  
Xiongjie Fu ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stroke Treatment

Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the major causes of death and disability due to the limited ability of central nervous system cells to regenerate and differentiate. Although several advances have been made in stroke therapies in the last decades, there are only a few approaches available to improve IS outcome. In the acute phase of IS, mechanical thrombectomy and the administration of tissue plasminogen activator have been widely used, while aspirin or clopidogrel represents the main therapy used in the subacute or chronic phase. However, in most cases, stroke patients fail to achieve satisfactory functional recovery under the treatments mentioned above. Recently, cell therapy, especially stem cell therapy, has been considered as a novel and potential therapeutic strategy to improve stroke outcome through mechanisms, including cell differentiation, cell replacement, immunomodulation, neural circuit reconstruction, and protective factor release. Different stem cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, marrow mononuclear cells, and neural stem cells, have also been considered for stroke therapy. In recent years, many clinical and preclinical studies on cell therapy have been carried out, and numerous results have shown that cell therapy has bright prospects in the treatment of stroke. However, some cell therapy issues are not yet fully understood, such as its optimal parameters including cell type choice, cell doses, and injection routes; therefore, a closer relationship between basic and clinical research is needed. In this review, the role of cell therapy in stroke treatment and its mechanisms was summarized, as well as the function of different stem cell types in stroke treatment and the clinical trials using stem cell therapy to cure stroke, to reveal future insights on stroke-related cell therapy, and to guide further studies.

Irisin Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in PC12 Cells by Inhibiting TLR4/MYD88 Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Wang Jinli ◽  
Xu Fenfen ◽  
Zheng Yuan ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Zhang Piaopiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
Myd88 Signaling ◽  
Hypoxia Reoxygenation

Cardiovascular disease including cerebral ischemic stroke is the major complication that increases the morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus as much as four times. It has been well established that irisin, with its ability to regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, has been widely examined for its therapeutic potentials in managing metabolic disorders. However, the mechanism of irisin in the regulation of cerebral ischemic stroke remains unclear. Using PC12 cells as a model, we have shown that hypoxia/reoxygenation inhibits cell viability and increases lactic dehydrogenase. Irisin, in a dose-dependent manner, reversed these changes. The increase in inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by hypoxia/reoxygenation was reversed by irisin. Furthermore, the cell apoptosis promoted by hypoxia/reoxygenation was also inhibited by irisin. Irisin suppressed TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway leading to amelioration of inflammation and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Thus, inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway via irisin could be an important mechanism in the regulation of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document