scholarly journals Muscle-Nerve-Nerve Grafting Improves Facial Reanimation in Rats Following Facial Nerve Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Charous ◽  
Michael J. Hutz ◽  
Samantha E. Bialek ◽  
Jane K. Schumacher ◽  
Eileen M. Foecking
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Facial Reanimation ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
The Right

Nerve injury resulting in muscle paralysis from trauma or surgery is a major medical problem. Repair of such injuries with existing nerve grafting and reconstructive techniques often results in less than optimal outcomes. After previously demonstrating significant return of function using muscle-nerve-muscle (MNM) grafting in a rat facial nerve model, this study compares a variant of the technique, muscle-nerve-nerve (MNN) neurotization to MNM and interposition (IP) nerve grafting. Thirty male rats were randomized into four groups (1) control with no intervention, (2) repair with IP grafts, (3) MNM grafts and (4) MNN grafts. All groups had the buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the right facial nerve resected. Return of vibrissae movement, orientation, and snout symmetry was measured over 16 weeks. Functional recovery and muscle atrophy were assessed and quantified. All interventions resulted in significant improvement in vibrissae movement and orientation as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The MNM and MNN groups had significantly less time to forward vibrissae movement as compared to controls (p < 0.05), and a large number of animals in the MNN group had coordinated vibrissae movement at 16 weeks. MNN and IP grafts retained significantly more muscle mass as compared to control (p < 0.05). Thus, MNN grafting is a promising adjuvant or alternative technique for reanimation for patients with unilateral peripheral nerve injury who are not candidates for primary neurorrhaphy.

Muscle-Nerve-Muscle Grafting for Facial Reanimation in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Charous ◽  
Jeffery M. Hotaling ◽  
Bridget D. Burgess ◽  
Joshua M. Sappington ◽  
James Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Facial Reanimation ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Objective: Facial paralysis is a devastating condition leaving patients with a myriad of aesthetic and functional consequences. Muscle-nerve-muscle (MNM) neurotization is a reinnervation technique that involves implanting an autogenous nerve graft as a conduit between an innervated “donor” muscle and a denervated “recipient” muscle. We investigated the use of MNM reinnervation, alone or in combination with electrical stimulation (ES) and testosterone propionate (TP) in comparison to nerve reanastomosis (RE), on functional recovery following rat facial nerve injury. Methods: Thirty-one male, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups: no graft (control), MNM grafting alone (MNM), MNM grafting with ES and TP (MNM+ES+TP), or RE. Harvested right facial nerve branches were used as the MNM graft. Functional recovery was assessed by behavioral observations and electromyographic recordings. Results: The MNM grafting improved muscle tone and vibrissae movement. The ES+TP treatment further enhanced muscle tone as well as reduced recovery time for coordinated movement in a manner that is comparable to those of RE. Electromyographic recordings demonstrated electrical conductance across all MNM grafts. Conclusion: These data have important implications for patients with unilateral paralysis from facial or laryngeal nerve injury, particularly those who are not candidates for nerve reanastomosis.

Effects of the Number of Muscle-Nerve-Muscle Grafts on Rat Facial Nerve Functional Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Foecking ◽  
Bridget D. Burgess ◽  
Zachary C. Fridrici ◽  
Samantha E. Bialek ◽  
Christopher Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Axon Density ◽  
Axonal Diameter ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
Nerve Model ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Facial nerve denervation can be devastating for patients. Primary neurorrhaphy and interposition (IP) nerve grafting are common reinnervation techniques. Muscle-nerve-muscle (MNM) grafting is a lesser known alternative. After previously demonstrating significant return of function using MNM grafting in a rat facial nerve model, the authors compare the use of multiple MNM nerve grafts with that of single MNM and IP nerve grafts. Methods: Thirty-six male rats were randomized into 4 groups: (1) repair with IP grafts, (2) 1 MNM graft, (3) 3 MNM grafts, and (4) control with no intervention. All groups had the lower zygomatic, buccal, and marginal mandibular branches of the right facial nerve removed. Return of movement and snout symmetry was measured over 16 weeks. Axonal regeneration and muscle atrophy were assessed and quantified. Results: All intervention groups had significantly improved movement and snout symmetry compared with control. Rats in the IP group had significantly increased axon density compared with those in the MNM groups but with smaller axonal diameter than control rats. No difference in axon density or diameter was observed between MNM groups. Use of 3 MNM grafts and IP grafts resulted in preservation of similar muscle mass compared with the control and 1-MNM groups. Conclusion: MNM grafting may be an alternative when other reanimation techniques are not possible. Level of Evidence: NA

Schwannoma of the Zygomatic Branch of the Facial Nerve

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110412
Author(s):  
Adamantios Kilmpasanis ◽  
Nikolaos Tsetsos ◽  
Alexandros Poutoglidis ◽  
Aikaterini Tsentemeidou ◽  
Sotiria Sotiroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Facial Nerve Injury ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Nerve Tumor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Facial Nerve Schwannoma

Significance Statement Facial nerve schwannoma is extremely uncommon. Despite its rarity, it is considered the most common facial nerve tumor and potentially affects any segment of the nerve. Presenting symptoms vary depending on the location of the neoplasm. Tumors pertaining to the extratemporal course of the nerve mainly appear as an asymptomatic parotid mass. We present a rare case of schwannoma of the zygomatic branch of the right facial nerve that was surgically resected, without facial nerve injury.

Facial reanimation after facial nerve injury

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Rosenwasser ◽  
E Liebman ◽  
D F Jim??nez ◽  
W A Buchheit ◽  
D W Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Facial Nerve Injury ◽  
Facial Reanimation

scholarly journals Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma in Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
C. Eric Bailey ◽  
Francesca Jung ◽  
Benjamin Addicks ◽  
Olukemi A. Esan ◽  
Brian Kellermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Facial Nerve Injury ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon variant of Hodgkin lymphoma. Progressive transformation of germinal centers has been associated with and can develop prior to, concurrent with, or after the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. We present a patient with a history of progressive transformation of germinal centers of the right parotid who presented 4 years later with ipsilateral parotid mass and cervical adenopathy. Knowledge of her previous diagnosis raised our concern for lymphoma, influenced our surgical management, and spared the patient additional surgery with risk of facial nerve injury inherent in revision parotidectomy.

Cross-Facial Nerve Grafting for Facial Reanimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Peng ◽  
Babak Azizzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Facial Reanimation

Effect of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor on the cochlear nuclei after creation of a partial nerve lesion: an experimental study in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Ramina Montibeller ◽  
Benjamin Schackmann ◽  
Steffi Urbschat ◽  
Joachim M. K. Oertel
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulating Factor

OBJECTIVEThe risk of injury of the cochlear nerve during angle (CPA) surgery is high. Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been found in various experimental models of peripheral and CNS injury to have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. However, to the authors' knowledge, the influence of G-CSF on cochlear nerve regeneration has not been reported. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF after a partial cochlear nerve lesion in rats.METHODSA lesion of the right cochlear nerve in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was created using a water-jet dissector with a pressure of 8 bar. In the first group (G-CSF-post), G-CSF was administrated on Days 1, 3, and 5 after the surgery. The second group (G-CSF-pre/post) was treated with G-CSF 1 day before and 1, 3, and 5 days after applying the nerve injury. The control group received sodium chloride after nerve injury at the various time points. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured directly before and after nerve injury and on Days 1 and 7 to evaluate the acoustic function of the cochlear nerve. The animals were sacrificed 1 week after the operation, and their brains were fixed in formalin. Nissl staining of the cochlear nuclei was performed, and histological sections were analyzed with a light microscope and an image-processing program. The numbers of neurons in the cochlear nuclei were assessed.RESULTSThe values for Waves 2 and 4 of the BAEPs decreased abruptly in all 3 groups in the direct postoperative measurement. Although the amplitude in the control group did not recover, it increased in both treatment groups. According to 2-way ANOVA, groups treated with G-CSF had a significant increase in BAEP Wave II amplitudes on the right side (p = 0.0401) after the applied cochlear nerve injury. With respect to Wave IV, a trend toward better recovery in the G-CSF groups was found, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the histological analysis, higher numbers of neurons were found in the G-CSF groups. In the statistical analysis, the difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-post groups reached significance (p = 0.0086). The difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-pre/post groups and between the G-CSF-post and G-CSF-pre/post groups did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSThe use of G-CSF improved the function of the eighth cranial nerve and protected cochlear nucleus cells from destruction after a controlled partial injury of the nerve. These findings might be relevant for surgery that involves CPA tumors. The use of G-CSF in patients with a lesion in the CPA might improve postoperative outcomes.

scholarly journals Anti-fertility effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) seed in male Wistar rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esrafil Mansouri ◽  
Majid Asadi-Samani ◽  
Wesam Kooti ◽  
Maryam Ghasemiboroon ◽  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Fertility Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

AbstractIntroduction: The study aimed to investigate the anti-fertility effect of fennel (Foeniculim vulgare Mill) seed extract in male rats.Material and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group received distilled water and the experimental groups were orally administered 1 ml of hydro-alcoholic extract of fennel seed in four doses of 35, 70, 140, and 280 mg/kg/b.w. daily for 60 days. After the last gavage, the rats were anaesthetised and the caudal part of the right epididymis was used for sperm counting. After fixation of the testes, microscopic sections were prepared and histological changes were evaluated.Results: The number of spermatogonia after doses of 140 and 280 mg/kg and Sertoli cells after a dose of 140 mg/kg decreased significantly as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The number of primary spermatocytes and sperm count decreased significantly in the experimental groups (70, 140, and 280 mg/kg) when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, thickening of the basement membrane, cell apoptosis, and irregular arrangement of the germinal epithelium were observed in the experimental groups.Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic fennel seed extract at these doses could reduce reproductivity and has anti-fertility activity in male rats.

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