scholarly journals Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Audiological Practice: The Gaps to Be Filled

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujda Nooristani ◽  
Thomas Augereau ◽  
Karina Moïn-Darbari ◽  
Benoit-Antoine Bacon ◽  
François Champoux
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Plasticity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Level ◽  
Specific Impact

The effects of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) approaches have been widely studied for many decades in the motor field, and are well known to have a significant and consistent impact on the rehabilitation of people with motor deficits. Consequently, it can be asked whether tES could also be an effective tool for targeting and modulating plasticity in the sensory field for therapeutic purposes. Specifically, could potentiating sensitivity at the central level with tES help to compensate for sensory loss? The present review examines evidence of the impact of tES on cortical auditory excitability and its corresponding influence on auditory processing, and in particular on hearing rehabilitation. Overall, data strongly suggest that tES approaches can be an effective tool for modulating auditory plasticity. However, its specific impact on auditory processing requires further investigation before it can be considered for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, while it is clear that electrical stimulation has an effect on cortical excitability and overall auditory abilities, the directionality of these effects is puzzling. The knowledge gaps that will need to be filled are discussed.

Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rotenberg ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Alan D. Legatt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Cortical Mapping ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Low Amplitude

Noninvasive magnetic and electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex is an evolving field. The most widely used variant, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), is routinely used for intraoperative monitoring. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are emerging as clinical and experimental tools. TMS has gained wide acceptance in extraoperative functional cortical mapping. TES and TMS rely on pulsatile stimulation with electrical current intensities sufficient to trigger action potentials within the stimulated cortical volume. tDCS, in contrast, is based on neuromodulatory effects of very-low-amplitude direct current conducted through the scalp. tDCS and TMS, particularly when applied in repetitive trains, can modulate cortical excitability for prolonged periods and thus are either in active clinical use or in advanced stages of clinical trials for common neurological and psychiatric disorders such as major depression and epilepsy. This chapter summarizes physiologic principles of transcranial stimulation and clinical applications of these techniques.

scholarly journals Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Human Auditory Processing and Behavior—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Limeng Shi ◽  
Gaoyuan Dong ◽  
Zuoying Zhang ◽  
Ruijuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Weak Current ◽  
Auditory Pattern ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Auditory Processes ◽  
Electrophysiological Effects

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can adjust the membrane potential by applying a weak current on the scalp to change the related nerve activity. In recent years, tES has proven its value in studying the neural processes involved in human behavior. The study of central auditory processes focuses on the analysis of behavioral phenomena, including sound localization, auditory pattern recognition, and auditory discrimination. To our knowledge, studies on the application of tES in the field of hearing and the electrophysiological effects are limited. Therefore, we reviewed the neuromodulatory effect of tES on auditory processing, behavior, and cognitive function and have summarized the physiological effects of tES on the auditory cortex.

scholarly journals Electrical neuromodulation biases brightness perception of flickering light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fiene ◽  
Jan-Ole Radecke ◽  
Jonas Misselhorn ◽  
Malte Sengelmann ◽  
Christoph S. Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Brightness Perception

Human brightness estimation often pronouncedly dissociates from objective viewing conditions. Yet, the physiological substrate underlying subjective perception is still poorly understood. Rather than physical illumination, the subjective experience of brightness has been shown to correlate with temporal dynamics in the amplitude of cortical neural responses. Here, we aimed to experimentally manipulate visual flicker-evoked steady-state responses and related perception via concurrent modulation of cortical excitability by transcranial alternating current stimulation. Participants performed a brightness discrimination task of two visual flicker stimuli, one of which was targeted by same-frequency electrical stimulation at varying phase shifts. Transcranial electrical stimulation was applied with an occipital and a periorbital active control montage, based on finite-element method simulations of electric fields. Experimental results reveal that flicker brightness perception is modulated dependent on the phase shift between sensory and electrical stimulation, solely under stable flicker entrainment and exclusively under occipital electrical stimulation. The degree of induced brightness modulation was positively correlated with the strength of neuronal phase locking to the flicker, recorded prior to electrical stimulation. This finding was corroborated by a neural network model, demonstrating a comparable dependency between flicker-evoked phase synchronization and amplitude modulations of entrained neural rhythms by phase shifted visual and electric inputs. Our data suggest a causal role of the amplitude of neural activity in visual cortex for brightness perception in humans. This finding provides an important step towards understanding the basis of visual perception and further confirms electrical stimulation as a tool for advancing controlled modulations of neural excitability and related behavior.

scholarly journals The Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation of the Brain on Sleep: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Dondé ◽  
Jerome Brunelin ◽  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
Julia Maruani ◽  
Michel Lejoyeux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) is a promising non-invasive brain modulation tool. Over the past years, there have been several attempts to modulate sleep with tES-based approaches in both the healthy and pathological brains. However, data about the impact on measurable aspects of sleep remain scattered between studies, which prevent us from drawing firm conclusions. We conducted a systematic review of studies that explored the impact of tES on neurophysiological sleep oscillations, sleep patterns measured objectively with polysomnography, and subjective psychometric assessments of sleep in both healthy and clinical samples. We searched four main electronic databases to identify studies until February 2020. Forty studies were selected including 511 healthy participants and 452 patients. tES can modify endogenous brain oscillations during sleep. Results concerning changes in sleep patterns are conflicting, whereas subjective assessments show clear improvements after tES. Possible stimulation-induced mechanisms within specific cortico-subcortical sleep structures and networks are discussed. Although these findings cannot be directly transferred to the clinical practice and sleep-enhancing devices development for healthy populations, they might help to pave the way for future researches in these areas. PROSPERO registration number 178910.

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