scholarly journals Multiple Functions of the Dmrt Genes in the Development of the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Kikkawa ◽  
Noriko Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Patterning

The Dmrt genes encode the transcription factor containing the DM (doublesex and mab-3) domain, an intertwined zinc finger-like DNA binding module. While Dmrt genes are mainly involved in the sexual development of various species, recent studies have revealed that Dmrt genes, which belong to the DmrtA subfamily, are differentially expressed in the embryonic brain and spinal cord and are essential for the development of the central nervous system. Herein, we summarize recent studies that reveal the multiple functions of the Dmrt genes in various aspects of vertebrate neural development, including brain patterning, neurogenesis, and the specification of neurons.

SUBPIAL HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA WITH MARKED EXTRAMEDULLARY GROWTH

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. E1336-E1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daina Kashiwazaki ◽  
Kazutoshi Hida ◽  
Shunsuke Yano ◽  
Toshitaka Seki ◽  
Yoshinobu Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intradural Tumor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Abstract OBJECTIVE Hemangiopericytomas, vascular tumors arising in soft tissue, are relatively rare in the central nervous system; they comprise less than 1% of all hemangiopericytomas. Central nervous system hemangiopericytomas occur primarily in the epidural space of the brain and spinal cord. There are no previous reports of subpial, extramedullary growing central nervous system hemangiopericytomas. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We document the first case of a subpial hemangiopericytoma with extramedullary growth in the thoracic spine. The patient was a 31-year-old man who developed progressively worsening left lower limb numbness that was followed by gait disturbance over the course of 4 months. INTERVENTION Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural tumor at the T4–T6 level of the thoracic spine. Because the patient's symptoms progressed, he underwent resection of the tumor, which had arisen in the spinal cord subpially without attachment to the dura mater. CONCLUSION The pathological diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma. Differential diagnoses include hemangioblastoma, meningioma, schwannoma, and solitary fibrous tumor, the clinical course and prognosis of which are different from hemangiopericytoma. Our experience indicates that hemangiopericytomas can occur as intradural tumors arising from the subpial portion.

The Loss of Function Following on Lesions of the Central Nervous System [Ueber Die Ausfallerscheinungen nach Läsionen Des Central Nervensystems]. (Neurol. Cbl., Nr. 13, 1907.) Rothmann, Max

1908 ◽  
Vol 54 (225) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Portion ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Central Lesions

Rothmann points out how important it is to surgeons that the localisation of lesions in the brain and spinal cord should be made with the utmost accuracy. In many cases diseases do not strike suddenly upon a nervous system previously intact. Often the circulation has been previously deranged by arterial sclerosis, which prepares the way for transitory hemiplegia or aphasia. Sometimes there is loss of function after central lesions, which disappears in longer or shorter time. Goltz and his followers have treated many effects following the extirpation of the whole or part of the cerebrum as due to what they call inhibition (Hemmung). Thus the functions of the spinal cord are much impaired after removal of the cerebral ganglia, or the lower portion of the cord loses its reflex function after section higher up, but after a while it again resumes its act$ibon.

Electrophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 5785-5802
Author(s):  
Christian Krarup
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Conduction Studies ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
The Core ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

This chapter looks at electrophysiological studies of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system—the core investigations in clinical neurophysiology. These include electroencephalography, which is of value to diagnose epilepsy caused by focal or diffuse brain diseases, electromyography and nerve conduction studies, which are of value to diagnose diseases in nerves and muscles, and evoked potentials, which are of value to diagnose diseases of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.

scholarly journals Lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis associated with Myxobolus sp. (Bivalvulidae: Myxozoa) infection in the Amazonian fish Eigenmannia sp. (Sternopygidae: Gymnotiformes)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ledamir Sindeaux Neto ◽  
Michele Velasco ◽  
José Mauro Vianna da Silva ◽  
Patricia de Fátima Saco dos Santos ◽  
Osimar Sanches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Amazon Estuary ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract The genus Myxobolus, parasites that infect fishes, which cause myxobolosis, includes spore organisms belonging to the phylum Myxozoa and represents approximately 36% of all species described for the entire phylum. This study describes lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis associated with Myxobolus sp. infection in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system, CNS) of Eigenmannia sp., from the Amazon estuary region, in the Administrative District of Outeiro (DAOUT), Belém, Pará, Brazil. In May and June 2015, 40 Eigenmannia sp. specimens were captured from this region and examined. The fish were anesthetized, slaughtered and dissected for sexing (gonad evaluation) and studying parasites and cysts; after diagnosing the presence of the myxozoans using a light microscope, small fragments of the brain and spinal cord were removed for histological processing and Hematoxylin-Eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Histopathological analysis of the brain and spinal cord, based on histological sections stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, pronounced and diffuse edema in these tissues, and congestion, degeneration, and focal necrosis of the cerebral cortex. The present study describes lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis associated with infection by Myxobolus sp. in the central nervous system of Eigenmannia sp.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: serial MRI of brain and spinal cord

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campi ◽  
G. Benndorf ◽  
M. Filippi ◽  
P. Reganati ◽  
V. Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Serial Mri

On the invasion of the central nervous system by nematodes I. The Incidence and pathological significance of nematodes in the central nervous system

Parasitology ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A wide variety of nematode species have been observed to invade the central nervous system. They may be located in the meningeal spaces or may penetrate into the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.The pathological changes resulting from invasion of the central nervous system are influenced by the route of entry, the size and the mobility of the parasite. They may be diffuse or focal and may include haemorrhage, degenerative changes, cellular infiltration and glial proliferation. Such changes may or may not be observed in close association with the parasite.Symptoms indicating involvement of the central nervous system have long been associated with nematode infections outside the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of these symptoms is obscure, but they may possibly be of allergic origin.The direct pathological effects on the central nervous system are mainly the result of trauma and are directly proportional to the size and activity of the parasite. The possibility that nematodes may transport viruses into the central nervous system is briefly discussed.

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