scholarly journals Neuropeptide S Attenuates the Alarm Pheromone-Evoked Defensive and Risk Assessment Behaviors Through Activation of Cognate Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Posterior Medial Amygdala

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Feng Shao ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ping Rao ◽  
Hua-Dong Wang ◽  
Yan-Li Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Medial Amygdala ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Neuropeptide S ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Cognate Receptor ◽  
Virus C ◽  
High Level

Neuropeptide S (NPS) acts by activating its cognate receptor (NPSR). High level expression of NPSR in the posterior medial amygdala suggests that NPS-NPSR system should be involved in regulation of social behaviors induced by social pheromones. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of central administration of NPS or with NPSR antagonist on the alarm pheromone (AP)-evoked defensive and risk assessment behaviors in mice. Furthermore, H129-H8, a novel high-brightness anterograde multiple trans-synaptic virus, c-Fos and NPSR immunostaining were employed to reveal the involved neurocircuits and targets of NPS action. The mice exposed to AP displayed an enhancement in defensive and risk assessment behaviors. NPS (0.1–1 nmol) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection significantly attenuated the AP-evoked defensive and risk assessment behaviors. NPSR antagonist [D-Val5]NPS at the dose of 40 nmol completely blocked the effect of 0.5 nmol of NPS which showed the best effective among dose range. The H129-H8-labeled neurons were observed in the bilateral posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) and posteroventral medial amygdala (MePV) 72 h after the virus injection into the unilateral olfactory bulb (OB), suggesting that the MePD and MePV receive olfactory information inputs from the OB. The percentage of H129-H8-labeled neurons that also express NPSR were 90.27 ± 3.56% and 91.67 ± 2.46% in the MePD and MePV, respectively. NPS (0.5 nmol, i.c.v.) remarkably increased the number of Fos immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the MePD and MePV, and the majority of NPS-induced Fos-ir neurons also expressed NPSR. The behavior characteristic of NPS or with [D-Val5]NPS can be better replicated in MePD/MePV local injection within lower dose. The present findings demonstrated that NPS, via selective activation of the neurons bearing NPSR in the posterior medial amygdala, attenuates the AP-evoked defensive and risk assessment behaviors in mice.

Psychological, Structural, Social and Economic Determinants of Suicide Attempt: Risk Assessment and Decision Making Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110034
Author(s):  
Azam Farmani ◽  
Mojtaba Rahimianbougar ◽  
Yousef Mohammadi ◽  
Hossein Faramarzi ◽  
Siamak Khodarahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
High Level ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The aim of this research was to conduct a risk assessment and management of psychological, structural, social and economic determinants (PSSED) in a suicide attempt. The sample consisted of 353 individuals who had a recorded history of suicidal attempt; and 20 professional individuals by purposive sampling method within a descriptive cross-sectional design. Worksheets for RAM and AHP were used for data collection in this study. The rate of suicide attempt was 7.21 per 100,000 population in this study. Analysis showed that depression and mental disorders; personality disorders; family problems; socio-cultural and economic problems; lack of awareness; and low level of education have a high level of risk for suicide attempts. Psychiatric and psychological services; awareness and knowledge of life skills; medical services to dysfunctional families; development of community-based planning for PSSED of suicide; and employment and entrepreneurship services may lower suicide attempt risk.

The role of experience in risk assessment: Avoidance of areas chemically labelled with fathead minnow alarm pheromone by conspecifics and heterospecifics

Ecoscience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Wisenden ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Grant E. Brown ◽  
R. Jan F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Alarm Pheromone

Conducting a Risk Assessment of Outpatient Clinic Settings for Appropriate High Level Disinfection and Sterilization Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. S31-S32
Author(s):  
Laura Bardowski ◽  
Grace Barajas ◽  
Diane Cullen ◽  
Radhika Mehta ◽  
Christina Silkaitis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals DERMAL ABSORPTION OF DIQUAT AND POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Tatyana O. Yastrub ◽  
Sergii T. Omelchuk ◽  
Andrii M. Yastrub
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Level

The aim: The toxicological-hygienic assessment of dermal absorption of diquat in terms of potential risk of its bioavailability in professional use. Materials and methods: The object of the study was cutaneous exposure of diquat, determined in toxicological experiments of different duration (data of scientific literature) and at the stage of state testing of pesticide preparations based on diquat dibromide (data of a full-scale hygiene experiment, prognostic model of risk assessment), the technical concentrate of diquat dibromide (active substance content not less than 377 g / kg) contains relevant supplements, the content of which is regulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results and conclusions: Due to the high risk of the diquat adverse effects affecting the personnel, general public and environment, the European Union has introduced administrative decisions to forbid plant protection products containing the diquat. Fulfillment of the conditions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union indicates the need to develop common regulations and risk assessment methods aimed at ensuring high level of protection of human health and the environment.

scholarly journals High-Luminance Mid-Air Image Display for Outdoor Viewing by Focusing Sunlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5834
Author(s):  
Naoya Koizumi ◽  
Koki Yuzurihara
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Maximum Luminance ◽  
High Luminance ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Autumnal Equinox ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
High Level

The mid-air image is a very powerful method for presenting computer graphics in a real environment, but it cannot be used in bright locations owing to the decrease in brightness during the imaging process. Therefore, to form a mid-air image with a high-brightness light source, a square pyramidal mirror structure was investigated, and the sunlight concentration was simulated. We simulated the tilt angle and combination angle of the condenser as parameters to calculate the luminance of the surface of a transparent liquid crystal display. The light collector was installed at 55∘ from the horizontal plane and mirror. A high level of illumination was obtained when these were laminated together at an angle of 70∘. To select a suitable diffuser, we prototyped and measured the brightness of the mid-air image with an LED lamp to simulate sunlight in three settings: summer solstice, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice. The maximum luminance of the mid-air image displayed by collecting actual sunlight was estimated to be 998.6 cd/m2. This is considerably higher than the maximum smartphone brightness to allow for outdoor viewing, and it can ensure fully compatible visibility.

Ion Beam Induced Intermixing of Wsi0.45 on GaAs

1988 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Pearton ◽  
K. T. Short ◽  
K. S. Jones ◽  
A. G. Baca ◽  
C. S. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Semiconductor Interface ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThe systematics of ion beam induced intermixing of WSi0.45 on GaAs have been studied after through-implantation of Si or O in the dose range 1013 − 5 × 1016 cm−2. SIMS profiling shows significant knock-on of Si and W into the GaAs at the high dose range in accordance with Monte Carlo simulations, but there is virtually no electrical activation (≤0.1%) of this Si after normal implant annealing (900°C, 10 sec). This appears to be a result of the high level of disorder near the metal-semiconductor interface, which is not repaired by annealing. This damage consists primarily of dislocation loops extending a few hundred angstroms below the end of range of the implanted ions. Extrapolation of the ion doses used in this work to the usual doses used in GaAs device fabrication would imply that ion-induced intermixing of WSix will not be significant in through-implantation processes.

scholarly journals Perception of the risk of tsunami in a context of high-level risk assessment and management: the case of the fjord Lyngen in Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Goeldner-Gianella ◽  
Delphine Grancher ◽  
Øystein Robertsen ◽  
Brice Anselme ◽  
Daniel Brunstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The Relative Radiation Resistance of Zirconolite, Pyrochlore, and Perovskite to 1.5 MeV Kr+ Ions

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Smith ◽  
Nestor J. Zaluzec ◽  
Gregory R. Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTZirconolite (CaZrTi2O7), pyrochlore (vIIIA2VIB2IVx6y) and perovskite (CaTiO3) are candidate phases for the immobilisation of rare earth elements (REEs) and actinides (ACTs) in various high level radioactive waste (HLW) forms [1]. The effect of radiation damage on the structure and consequently on the durability of these phases is important to predictive modelling of their behaviour in the repository environment and risk assessment

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document