scholarly journals PPARγ in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Overview of the Biology and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhen Huang ◽  
Chiyu Zhang ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Honglin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that is often characterized as a blood circulation disorder caused due to various factors (such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, burn, and thrombus). Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Theoretically, IRI can occur in various tissues and organs, including the kidney, liver, myocardium, and brain, among others. The advances made in research regarding restoring tissue perfusion in ischemic areas have been inadequate with regard to decreasing the mortality and infarct size associated with IRI. Hence, the clinical treatment of patients with severe IRI remains a thorny issue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists and is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating IRI. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in IRI. The protective effects of PPARγ, such as attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described, envisaging certain therapeutic perspectives.

scholarly journals Bilobalide protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the MAPK/NF-κB pathways in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Jiliang Jiang ◽  
Liangcheng Tong ◽  
Tingting Gao ◽  
Lei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract Background Clinically, skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury is a life-threatening syndrome that is often caused by skeletal muscle damage and is characterized by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Bilobalide has been found to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unclear whether bilobalide can protect skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods The effects of bilobalide on ischemia/reperfusion-injured skeletal muscle were investigated by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining and assessing the wet weight/dry weight ratio of muscle tissue. Then, we measured lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, Western blotting was conducted to examine the protein levels of MAPK/NF-κB pathway members. Results Bilobalide treatment could protected hind limb skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Conclusions Bilobalide may be a promising drug for I/R-injured muscle tissue. However, the specific mechanisms for the protective effects still need further study.

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