scholarly journals Neurally Released GABA Acts via GABAC Receptors to Modulate Ca2+ Transients Evoked by Trains of Synaptic Inputs, but Not Responses Evoked by Single Stimuli, in Myenteric Neurons of Mouse Ileum

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Koussoulas ◽  
Mathusi Swaminathan ◽  
Candice Fung ◽  
Joel C. Bornstein ◽  
Jaime P. P. Foong
Keyword(s):  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Gabac Receptors ◽  
Mouse Ileum

Properties of synaptic inputs from myenteric neurons innervating submucosal S neurons in guinea pig ileum

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. G273-G280 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Moore ◽  
S. Vanner
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Stimulus Train ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Double Chamber

This study examined synaptic inputs from myenteric neurons innervating submucosal neurons. Intracellular recordings were obtained from submucosal S neurons in guinea pig ileal preparations in vitro, and synaptic inputs were recorded in response to electrical stimulation of exposed myenteric plexus. Most S neurons received synaptic inputs [>80% fast (f) excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP), >30% slow (s) EPSPs] from the myenteric plexus. Synaptic potentials were recorded significant distances aboral (fEPSPs, 25 mm; sEPSPs, 10 mm) but not oral to the stimulating site. When preparations were studied in a double-chamber bath that chemically isolated the stimulating “myenteric chamber” from the recording side “submucosal chamber,” all fEPSPs were blocked by hexamethonium in the submucosal chamber, but not by a combination of nicotinic, purinergic, and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists in the myenteric chamber. In 15% of cells, a stimulus train elicited prolonged bursts of fEPSPs (>30 s duration) that were blocked by hexamethonium. These findings suggest that most submucosal S neurons receive synaptic inputs from predominantly anally projecting myenteric neurons. These inputs are poised to coordinate intestinal motility and secretion.

Synaptic inputs to morphologically identified myenteric neurons in guinea pig rectum from pelvic nerves

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. G49-G55 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pelvic Nerve ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Pelvic Nerves ◽  
Single Spike ◽  
Stimulation Of

Neurobiotin-filled microelectrodes were used to investigate electrical and synaptic behavior and morphological characteristics of rectal myenteric neurons that received synaptic inputs from the pelvic nerves. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve at low frequencies (< 3.3 Hz) evoked nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast EPSPs) in 45.3% of rectal neurons. Pelvic fast EPSPs were found in S/type 1, AH/type 2, type 3, or single-spike neurons that had a single long process preferentially projecting in the orad direction. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve at higher frequencies (5–20 Hz) elicited slow membrane excitation in 13.9% of the neurons. They were either AH/type 2 neurons with Dogiel II morphology or S/type 1 neurons with a single long process. Hexamethonium (100 microM) blocked pelvic fast EPSPs more quickly than those evoked by fiber tract stimulation but did not affect slow excitatory response. The results suggested the presence of more than one nicotinic-cholinergic synapse in the pelvic nerve pathway and the possible release of a noncholinergic excitatory substance from the afferent nerve terminals. It is possible that a subpopulation of rectal neurons, which receive a fast EPSP and have a single long process that projects in the orad direction, might be interneurons that mediate the defecation reflex.

scholarly journals Focal, but not global, cerebral ischaemia causes loss of myenteric neurons and upregulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in mouse ileum

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Cheng ◽  
Martina Svensson ◽  
Yiyi Yang ◽  
Tomas Deierborg ◽  
Eva Ekblad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Mouse Ileum

Synaptic activation of putative sensory neurons by hexamethonium-sensitive nerve pathways in mouse colon

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. G53-G64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Hibberd ◽  
Lee Travis ◽  
Lukasz Wiklendt ◽  
Marcello Costa ◽  
Simon J. H. Brookes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Calcium Transients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Mouse Colon ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Dogiel Type Ii

The gastrointestinal tract contains its own independent population of sensory neurons within the gut wall. These sensory neurons have been referred to as intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) and can be identified by immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in mice. A common feature of IPANs is a paucity of fast synaptic inputs observed during sharp microelectrode recordings. Whether this is observed using different recording techniques is of particular interest for understanding the physiology of these neurons and neural circuit modeling. Here, we imaged spontaneous and evoked activation of myenteric neurons in isolated whole preparations of mouse colon and correlated recordings with CGRP and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, post hoc. Calcium indicator fluo 4 was used for this purpose. Calcium responses were recorded in nerve cell bodies located 5–10 mm oral to transmural electrical nerve stimuli. A total of 618 recorded neurons were classified for CGRP or NOS immunoreactivity. Aboral electrical stimulation evoked short-latency calcium transients in the majority of myenteric neurons, including ~90% of CGRP-immunoreactive Dogiel type II neurons. Activation of Dogiel type II neurons had a time course consistent with fast synaptic transmission and was always abolished by hexamethonium (300 μM) and by low-calcium Krebs solution. The nicotinic receptor agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (during synaptic blockade) directly activated Dogiel type II neurons. The present study suggests that murine colonic Dogiel type II neurons receive prominent fast excitatory synaptic inputs from hexamethonium-sensitive neural pathways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myenteric neurons in isolated mouse colon were recorded using calcium imaging and then neurochemically defined. Short-latency calcium transients were detected in >90% of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive neurons to electrical stimulation of hexamethonium-sensitive pathways. Putative sensory Dogiel type II calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive myenteric neurons may receive widespread fast synaptic inputs in mouse colon.

Postsynaptic neuronal geometry and synaptic effectiveness

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 690-697
Author(s):  
C.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Postsynaptic Neuron ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Partial Analysis ◽  
Postsynaptic Cell ◽  
Neuronal Geometry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complex Scale

Most central nervous system neurons receive synaptic input from hundreds or thousands of other neurons, and the computational function of such neurons results from the interactions of inputs on a large and complex scale. In most situations that have yielded to a partial analysis, the synaptic inputs to a neuron are not alike in function, but rather belong to distinct categories that differ qualitatively in the nature of their effect on the postsynaptic cell, and quantitatively in the strength of their influence. Many factors have been demonstrated to contribute to synaptic function, but one of the simplest and best known of these is the geometry of the postsynaptic neuron. The fundamental nature of the relationship between neuronal shape and synaptic effectiveness was established on theoretical grounds prior to its experimental verification.

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a proinflammatory peptide in mouse ileum

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A38-A39
Author(s):  
M WLK ◽  
C WANG ◽  
M VENICHAKI ◽  
S KUHNTMOORE ◽  
D ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Mouse Ileum

Immunochemical visualization of cyclic AMP in myenteric neurons of guinea-pig small intestine+

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A683-A683
Author(s):  
J GUZMAN ◽  
S SHARP ◽  
J YU ◽  
F MCMORRIS ◽  
A WIEMELT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Myenteric Neurons

The effect of NO-donors on NOS-expressing myenteric neurons

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A536-A536
Author(s):  
M ZANDECKI ◽  
P BERGHE ◽  
L THIELEMANS ◽  
P RAEYMAEKERS ◽  
J JANSSENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Donors ◽  
Myenteric Neurons

GABAb receptor-mediated inhibition of cholinergic function in mouse ileum requires the GABAb1 subunit

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A198-A198
Author(s):  
G SANGER ◽  
M MUNONYARA ◽  
H PROSSER ◽  
M PANGALOS ◽  
A HUNTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gabab Receptor ◽  
Cholinergic Function ◽  
Mouse Ileum
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