Oxidation Behavior of Alx(CoCrFeNi)100-x High-Entropy Alloys Under Thermal-Cycling Conditions

The oxidation behavior of five different high-entropy alloys from the Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni metallic system, namely Alx(CoCrFeNi)100-x (x = 0; 3; 6; 9; 12), was studied under thermal-cycling conditions, at 1273 K in air atmosphere. The choice of selected compositions allowed for covering the chromia-to-alumina former transition, as well as the transition from the FCC single-phase solid solution structure to multiphase alloys with Al-enriched B2-structured constituent. The measurements were taken for 500 cycles (1 cycle - 1 h of heating, 20 min of cooling). The results indicate a profound influence of the thermal-cycling conditions on the oxidation products, with extremely complex scale structures and extensive internal oxidation and nitridation zones, as well as severe spallation of the oxide scale in most cases, showing the limited usefulness of these alloys for high-temperature applications at the current stage of their development.

Quantifying structural controls on submarine channel architecture and kinematics

Over the past two decades, the increased availability of three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data and their integration with outcrop and numerical modeling studies have enabled the architectural evolution of submarine channels to be studied in detail. While tectonic activity is a recognized control on submarine channel morphology, the temporal and spatial complexity associated with these systems means submarine channel behavior over extended time periods, and the ways in which processes scale and translate into time-integrated sedimentary architecture, remain poorly understood. For example, tectonically driven changes in slope morphology may locally enhance or diminish a channel’s ability to incise, aggrade, and migrate laterally, changing channel kinematics and the distribution of composite architectures. Here, we combined seismic techniques with the concept of stratigraphic mobility to quantify how gravity-driven deformation influenced the stratigraphic architecture of two submarine channels, from the fundamental architectural unit, a channel element, to channel complex scale, on the Niger Delta slope. From a 3-D, time-migrated, seismic-reflection volume, we evaluated the evolution of widths, depths, sinuosities, curvatures, and stratigraphic mobilities at fixed intervals downslope as the channel complexes interacted with a range of gravity-driven structures. At channel element scale, sinuosity and bend amplitude were consistently elevated over structured reaches of the slope, displaying a nonlinear increase in length, perpendicular to flow direction. At channel complex scale, the same locations, updip of structure, correlated to an increase in channel complex width and aspect ratio. Normalized complex dimensions and complex-averaged stratigraphic mobilities showed lateral migration to be the dominant form of stratigraphic preservation in these locations. Our results explain the intricate relationship between the planform characteristics of channel elements and the cross-sectional dimensions of the channel complex. We show how channel element processes and kinematics translate to form higher-order stratigraphic bodies, and we demonstrate how tectonically driven changes in slope develop channel complexes with distinct cross-sectional and planform architectures.

Giants in the lab: Model conservation and the anaphoric progression of design

How is an architectural model consolidated and re-assembled in conservation to be able to continue to communicate a design concept? How does the work of care and preservation of models reveal knowledge about the often taken-for-granted dynamics of creative processes? To provide answers, this article draws on Etienne Souriau’s philosophy of creativity and follows how the ‘modes of existence’ of creative works are re-enacted in the anaphoric progression of conservation. Basing her findings on ethnography at the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the author examines the epistemic complexity of specific situations of assessing, preserving and assembling large complex scale models. Unpacking the specificity of model conservation, it is argued, allows us to challenge two established beliefs on creativity: the myth of the stable ontology of historically valuable cultural objects and the myth of teleology of creative processes. Conservation-in-action demonstrates the subtle mechanics of crafting historiographic knowledge in the arts.

Waste and postsocialism in Estonia: Becoming European through the management of rubbish

This article explores notions of postsocialism and waste in relation to each other. The research approaches waste as a means of considering changing orders of knowledge, scripts and standards, which in our view is a key element of postsocialist societies. The research offers important information in relation to the ways in which waste practices have changed (or not) in accordance to EU regulations and standards in Estonia, and provides significant data to highlight the emergence of controversies and negotiations around this issue across different scales. It therefore aims to make an important contribution to future cross-cultural comparisons of the political implications of rubbish management; also to ongoing discussions about processes of Europeanization and how transnational socio-technical arrangements are assembled with local practices. After examining waste politics in Estonia, the article concludes that for this country, postsocialist transformations implied a break in orders of knowledge, as part of an intensive social negotiation within the framework of the EU. Nonetheless, it also foregrounds that waste practices show relevant continuities and complex scale effects in the new chain of connections and legislation.

A Critical Analysis of the Significance of the eCourts Information Systems in Indian Courts

Technological developments and scientific innovations have enhanced the way people live and work. Courts are places where people seek justice and millions of cases across the globe are examined every day, and judgments are delivered. The courts system in India is on a vast and complex scale. The application and dissemination of information in India has been spreading at a faster pace over the past few decades. This has set the stage for the computerisation of courts to enhance transparency and efficiency in the Indian judicial system. The Indian sub-continent is a highly populated nation and from 2007 the government of India began implementing the eCourts Project as a citizen-centric initiative for expeditious and affordable justice delivery. This article analyses the various dimensions involved in the eCourts process and explains its significance in the justice delivery system in India. In also looks at the various challenges of implementing such a vast system across judicial system of India.

epiTAD: a web application for visualizing high throughput chromosome conformation capture data in the context of genetic epidemiology

The increasing availability of public data resources coupled with advancements in genomic technology has created greater opportunities for researchers to examine the genome on a large and complex scale. To meet the need for integrative genome wide exploration, we present epiTAD. This web-based tool enables researchers to compare genomic structures and annotations across multiple databases and platforms in an interactive manner in order to facilitate in silico discovery. epiTAD can be accessed at https://apps.gerkelab.com/epiTAD/.