scholarly journals Estimation of Fractional Photosynthetically Active Radiation From a Canopy 3D Model; Case Study: Almond Yield Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Alireza Pourreza ◽  
Kyle H. Cheung ◽  
German Zuniga-Ramirez ◽  
Bruce D. Lampinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Canopy Volume

Canopy-intercepted light, or photosynthetically active radiation, is fundamentally crucial for quantifying crop biomass development and yield potential. Fractional photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (fPAR) is conventionally obtained by measuring the PAR both below and above the canopy using a mobile lightbar platform to predict the potential yield of nut crops. This study proposed a feasible and low-cost method for accurately estimating the canopy fPAR using aerial photogrammetry-based canopy three-dimensional models. We tested up to eight different varieties in three experimental almond orchards, including California's leading variety of ‘Nonpareil’. To extract various canopy profile features, such as canopy cover and canopy volume index, we developed a complete data collection and processing pipeline called Virtual Orchard (VO) in Python environment. Canopy fPAR estimated by VO throughout the season was compared against midday canopy fPAR measured by a mobile lightbar platform in midseason, achieving a strong correlation (R2) of 0.96. A low root mean square error (RMSE) of 2% for ‘Nonpareil’. Furthermore, we developed regression models for predicting actual almond yield using both measures, where VO estimation of canopy fPAR, as a stronger indicator, achieved a much better prediction (R2 = 0.84 and RMSE = 195 lb acre−1) than the lightbar (R2 = 0.70 and RMSE = 266 lb acre−1) for ‘Nonpareil’. Eight different new models for estimating potential yield were also developed using temporal analysis from May to August in 2019 by adjusting the ratio between fPAR and dry kernel yield previously found using a lightbar. Finally, we compared the two measures at two different spatial precision levels: per-row and per-block. fPAR estimated by VO at the per-tree level was also assessed. Results showed that VO estimated canopy fPAR performed better at each precision level than lightbar with up to 0.13 higher R2. The findings in this study serve as a fundamental link between aerial-based canopy fPAR and the actual yield of almonds.

scholarly journals Effect of Rhizobium inoculation of seeds and foliar fertilization on productivity of Pisum sativum L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Experimental Field

Pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) is the second most important grain legume crop in the world which has a wide array of uses for human food and fodder. One of the major factors that determines the use of field pea is the yield potential of cultivars. Presently, pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds and foliar application of microelement fertilizers are prospective solutions and may be reasonable agrotechnical options. This research was undertaken because of the potentially high productivity of the 'afila' morphotype in good wheat complex soils. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vaccination with <em>Rhizobium</em> and foliar micronutrient fertilization on yield of the afila pea variety. The research was based on a two-year (2009–2010) controlled field experiment, conducted in four replicates and carried out on the experimental field of the Bayer company located in Modzurów, Silesian region. experimental field soil was Umbrisol – slightly degraded chernozem, formed from loess. Nitragina inoculant, as a source of symbiotic bacteria, was applied before sowing seeds. Green area index (GAI) of the canopy, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were determined at characteristic growth stages. The presented results of this study on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants show that the combined application of Nitragina and Photrel was the best combination for productivity. Remote measurements of the pea canopy indexes indicated the formation of the optimum leaf area which effectively used photosynthetically active radiation. The use of Nitragina as a donor of effective <em>Rhizobium</em> for pea plants resulted in slightly higher GAI values and the optimization of PAR and NDVI. It is not recommended to use foliar fertilizers or Nitragina separately due to the slowing of pea productivity.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHESIS STUDIES OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS LIGHT SOURCES.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 582b-582
Author(s):  
Stephanie Brown ◽  
Alejandro Ching
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Red Color

A photosynthesis study was conducted on seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. “Traveller 76” subjected to natural, clear, blue and red color irradiations to predict and evaluate harvest time and yield potential. Photosynthesis (PS) rates were higher on clear and red irradiated transplants with 16.1 and 12.4 μMol/m2/s, respectively, for two weeks of treatment. Blue irradiation showed lowest PS rate with 2.2 μMol/m2/s. For the third and fourth weeks of treatment, PS rate increased to 10.9 and 13.5 μMol/m2/s, respectively, on blue light treated transplants, while red, clear and natural light treatments decreased. CO2 appears to be lowest at high PS rate under these treatments. Transplants treated with blue and red lights were taller and thicker around the stem. Clear and natural lights were shorter, but with a larger root biomass. PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) was highest at noon under open natural light with 1108.8 μE/s/m2, but also high for blue, red and clear lights when compared to earlier or later time. The lowest PAR was shown for blue and red lights.

On the Development of a Low-Cost Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegan Rajendran ◽  
Walter D. Leon-Salas ◽  
Xiaozhe Fan ◽  
Yizhou Zhang ◽  
Miguel A. Vizcardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Radiation

Estimation of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) using a low cost spectrometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Botero ◽  
Sandra Navarro ◽  
Nestor Giraldo ◽  
Lucia Atehortua
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Radiation

scholarly journals PARADe: a low-cost open-source device for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 100018
Author(s):  
Arnaud Coffin ◽  
Clément Bonnefoy-Claudet ◽  
Morgane Chassaigne ◽  
Arthur Jansen ◽  
Christelle Gée
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Radiation

scholarly journals Definition of Optimal Maize Seeding Rates Based on the Potential Yield of Management Zones

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Adriano Adelcino Anselmi ◽  
José Paulo Molin ◽  
Helizani Couto Bazame ◽  
Lucas de Paula Corrêdo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Maize Hybrids

The decision on crop population density should be a function of biotic and abiotic field parameters and optimize the site-specific yield potential, which can be a real challenge for farmers. The objective of this study was to investigate the yield of maize hybrids subjected to variable rate seeding (VRS) and in differentiated management zones (MZs). The experiment was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in a commercial field in the Central-West region of Brazil. First, MZ were delineated using the K-means algorithm with layers involving soil electrical conductivity, yield maps from previous years, and elevation. Seven maize hybrids at five seeding rates were evaluated in the context of each MZ and the cause-and-effect relationship with soil attributes was investigated. Optimal yields were obtained for crop population densities between 70,000 plants ha−1 and 80,000 plants ha−1. Hybrids which perform well under higher densities are key in achieving positive results using VRS. The plant population densities that resulted in maximum yields were obtained for densities at least 27% higher than the recommended seeding rates. The yield variance between MZs can be explained by the variance in soil attributes, while the yield variance within MZs can be explained by the variance in plant population densities. The study shows that on-farm experimentation can be key for obtaining information concerning yield potential. The management by VRS in different MZs is a low-cost technique that can reduce input application costs and optimize yield according to the site-specific potential of the field.

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