scholarly journals Mobile Flowering Locus T RNA – Biological Relevance and Biotechnological Potential

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Yu ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Pengcheng Zhang ◽  
Nongnong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Protein Labeling ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Biological Relevance ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Distance Movement

Many systemically mobile mRNAs have been revealed in phloem. However, very few of them have been found to be of clear signaling functions. One of such rare examples is the mobile Flowering locus T (FT) mRNA despite the continuous debate about its mobility and biological relevance to the control of flowering time in plants. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence supports the notion of the long-distance movement of FT mRNA from leaf to shoot apex meristem and its role in flowering. In this review, we discuss the discovery of florigenic FT, the initial debate on long-distance movement of FT mRNA, emerging evidence to prove its mobility, and the use of mobile FT mRNA to generate heritable transgenerational gene editing in plants. We elaborate on evidence from virus-based RNA mobility assay, plant grafting, RNA with fluorescent protein labeling, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, to demonstrate that the FT mRNA besides the FT protein can move systemically and function as an integral component of the florigenic signal in flowering. We also propose a model to prompt further research on the molecular mechanism underlying the long-distance movement of this important mobile signaling RNA in plants.

scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 724-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Tatineni ◽  
Everlyne N. Wosula ◽  
Melissa Bartels ◽  
Gary L. Hein ◽  
Robert A. Graybosch
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Long Distance Movement ◽  
Distance Transport

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs. Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant to WSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive and is effective at 18°C or below but not at higher temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance of Wsm1 and Wsm2, nonallelic single dominant genes, are not known. In this study, we found that fluorescent protein–tagged WSMV and TriMV elicited foci that were approximately similar in number and size at 18 and 24°C, on inoculated leaves of resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. These data suggest that resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C facilitated efficient cell-to-cell movement. Additionally, WSMV and TriMV efficiently replicated in inoculated leaves of resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C but failed to establish systemic infection, suggesting that Wsm1- and Wsm2-mediated resistance debilitated viral long-distance transport. Furthermore, we found that neither virus was able to enter the leaf sheaths of inoculated leaves or crowns of resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C but both were able to do so at 24°C. Thus, wheat cvs. Mace and Snowmass provide resistance at the long-distance movement stage by specifically blocking virus entry into the vasculature. Taken together, these data suggest that both Wsm1 and Wsm2 genes similarly confer virus resistance by temperature-dependent impairment of viral long-distance movement.

scholarly journals Long-Distance, Graft-Transmissible Action of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein to Promote Flowering

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Notaguchi ◽  
M. Abe ◽  
T. Kimura ◽  
Y. Daimon ◽  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flowering Locus

scholarly journals Long-Distance, Graft-Transmissible Action of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein to Promote Flowering

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1645-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Mitsutomo Abe ◽  
Takahiro Kimura ◽  
Yasufumi Daimon ◽  
Toshinori Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flowering Locus

scholarly journals FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein May Act as the Long-Distance Florigenic Signal in the Cucurbits

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Kuem Lin ◽  
Helene Belanger ◽  
Young-Jin Lee ◽  
Erika Varkonyi-Gasic ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Taoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flowering Locus

scholarly journals Involvement of FLOWERING LOCUS T in microgravity response of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under long- and short-day conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Junyan Xie ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Chenghong Mou ◽  
Yuwei Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Microgravity have an impact on growth and development of higher plants in space at both vegetative stage and reproductive stage. A great deal of information has been available on the vegetative stage in space, but relatively little is known about the influence of microgravity on plants at the reproductive stage. In this study, we constructed a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing flowering control gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), together with green fluorescent protein gene(GFP) under control of a heat shock-inducible promoter (HSP17.4), by which we induced FT expression inflight through remote controlling heating shock treatment. Inflight photography data showed that induction of FT expression in plants in space could counteract the impact of microgravity and promote flowering. Whole-genome microarray analysis of gene expression changes in leaves of wild-type and these transgenic plants grown under different photoperiod conditions in space indicated that the function of the photoperiod-related microgravity response genes are mainly involved in protein synthesis and post-translation protein modulation, notably protein phosphorylation. In addition, changes of circadian component gene expression in response to microgravity under different photoperiod indicated that role of circadian oscillator could act as integrators of microgravity response and photoperiodic signals in Arabidopsis plant grown in space.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Bean Dwarf Mosaic Geminivirus Cell-to-Cell and Long-Distance Movement in Phaseolus vulgaris Revealed, Using the Green Fluorescent Protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Sudarshana ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
W. J. Lucas ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Particle Bombardment ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Long Distance Movement

The cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of the bipartite geminivirus, bean dwarf mosaic (BDMV), in Phaseolus vulgaris plants was examined with the noninvasive reporter, the green fluorescent protein (GFP). A modified GFP gene (mGFP4) was inserted into the BDMV DNA-A component in place of the coat protein gene (BDMVA-mGFP4), and particle bombardment was used to introduce viral DNA into bean seedlings (radicle and hypocotyl tissues). Fluorescence analysis of GFP expressed from BDMVA-mGFP4 established that particle bombardment introduced viral DNA only into epidermal cells, and the requirement for the DNA-B-encoded proteins (BV1 and BC1) in the cell-to-cell movement of BDMVA-mGFP4. This GFP reporter system was used to follow the viral infection process from the seedling stage throughout the entire plant life cycle. In inoculated hypocotyls, BDMV moved from cell to cell through the cortex and showed a striking phloem tropism. Upon entry into phloem tissues, BDMV moved rapidly toward the root via the long-distance transport system, and toward the shoot apex by a combination of cell-to-cell and long-distance movement. Analysis of GFP distribution in systemically infected tissues revealed that BDMV was restricted to phloem cells in both roots and stems. In systemically infected primary and trifoliolate leaves, BDMV infected phloem cells associated with all vein orders (first through fifth), and the capacity of BDMV to exit from phloem tissue into nonphloem cells was correlated with the stage of plant development. Finally, fluorescence analysis of GFP in reproductive tissues established that BDMV infected flower, pod, and seed-coat tissues, but was excluded from the embryo.

scholarly journals The N-Terminal Domain of PMTV TGB1 Movement Protein Is Required for Nucleolar Localization, Microtubule Association, and Long-Distance Movement

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1486-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Wright ◽  
Graham H. Cowan ◽  
Nina I. Lukhovitskaya ◽  
Jens Tilsner ◽  
Alison G. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Nucleolar Localization ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Movement ◽  
In Cells

The triple-gene-block (TGB)1 protein of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) was fused to fluorescent proteins and expressed in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana under the control of the 35S promoter. TGB1 fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleolus and occasionally associated with microtubules. When expressed from a modified virus (PMTV.YFP-TGB1) which formed local lesions but was not competent for systemic movement, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-TGB1 labeled plasmodesmata in cells at the leading edge of the lesion and plasmodesmata, microtubules, nuclei, and nucleoli in cells immediately behind the leading edge. Deletion of 84 amino acids from the N-terminus of unlabeled TGB1 within the PMTV genome abolished movement of viral RNA to noninoculated leaves. When the same deletion was introduced into PMTV.YFP-TGB1, labeling of microtubules and nucleoli was abolished. The N-terminal 84 amino acids of TGB1 were fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed in epidermal cells where GFP localized strongly to the nucleolus (not seen with unfused GFP), indicating that these amino acids contain a nucleolar localization signal; the fusion protein did not label microtubules. This is the first report of nucleolar and microtubule association of a TGB movement protein. The results suggest that PMTV TGB1 requires interaction with nuclear components and, possibly, microtubules for long-distance movement of viral RNA.

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