scholarly journals Eye Size Affects Cuteness in Different Facial Expressions and Ages

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichang Yao ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yiyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Individual Feature ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Baby Schema

Researchers have suggested that infants exhibiting baby schema are considered cute. These similar studies have mainly focused on changes in overall baby schema facial features. However, whether a change in only eye size affects the perception of cuteness across different facial expressions and ages has not been explicitly evaluated until now. In the present study, a paired comparison method and 7-point scale were used to investigate the effects of eye size on perceived cuteness across facial expressions (positive, neutral, and negative) and ages (adults and infants). The results show that stimuli with large eyes were perceived to be cuter than both unmanipulated eyes and small eyes across all facial expressions and age groups. This suggests not only that the effect of baby schema on cuteness is based on changes in a set of features but also that eye size as an individual feature can affect the perception of cuteness.

scholarly journals The Influence of Key Facial Features on Recognition of Emotion in Cartoon Faces

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Xinge Liu ◽  
Xuan Yang ◽  
Yezhi Shu ◽  
Niqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Individual Feature ◽  
Human Computer Interactions ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Full Face

Cartoon faces are widely used in social media, animation production, and social robots because of their attractive ability to convey different emotional information. Despite their popular applications, the mechanisms of recognizing emotional expressions in cartoon faces are still unclear. Therefore, three experiments were conducted in this study to systematically explore a recognition process for emotional cartoon expressions (happy, sad, and neutral) and to examine the influence of key facial features (mouth, eyes, and eyebrows) on emotion recognition. Across the experiments, three presentation conditions were employed: (1) a full face; (2) individual feature only (with two other features concealed); and (3) one feature concealed with two other features presented. The cartoon face images used in this study were converted from a set of real faces acted by Chinese posers, and the observers were Chinese. The results show that happy cartoon expressions were recognized more accurately than neutral and sad expressions, which was consistent with the happiness recognition advantage revealed in real face studies. Compared with real facial expressions, sad cartoon expressions were perceived as sadder, and happy cartoon expressions were perceived as less happy, regardless of whether full-face or single facial features were viewed. For cartoon faces, the mouth was demonstrated to be a feature that is sufficient and necessary for the recognition of happiness, and the eyebrows were sufficient and necessary for the recognition of sadness. This study helps to clarify the perception mechanism underlying emotion recognition in cartoon faces and sheds some light on directions for future research on intelligent human-computer interactions.

scholarly journals The clone devaluation effect: does duplication of local facial features matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiya Yonemitsu ◽  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Akihiko Gobara ◽  
Yuki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Facial Features

Abstract Objective The clone devaluation is a phenomenon reported by the latest paper in which eeriness is evoked when people observe individuals with the same face (clone faces) compared to those with different faces. There are two possibilities that explain the clone devaluation effect. One is that the same facial features that clone faces have (duplication of facial features) induce the clone devaluation effect. The other possibility is that duplication of identities between people with clone faces is important for the clone devaluation effect. We thus conducted an experiment to investigate whether the duplication of identities or of facial features induces the clone devaluation effect. Results Participants evaluated eeriness of scrambled clone faces and scrambled different faces using the paired comparison method. There was only a slight difference in subjective eeriness between scrambled clone faces and scrambled different faces. Therefore, this study suggests that the duplication of local facial features does not play a key role in inducing the clone devaluation effect.

9-Point Scale of Infant Facial Expressions

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. MacDonald ◽  
Irwin W. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Point Scale

Odour Memory and Odour Hedonics in Children

Perception ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Hvastja ◽  
Lucia Zanuttini
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

The characteristics of olfactory memory during development were investigated and the hypothesis that the pleasantness of smells may be affected by previous associations with pleasant or unpleasant objects or events was tested. This type of emotional memory was compared in the immediate and long-term recognition of olfactory stimuli. Children from three different age groups (mean ages: 6 years 6 months; 8 years 9 months; and 10 years 5 months) were subdivided into two groups. One group was presented with six different odours, each with a slide depicting a pleasant picture. The other group was presented with the odours accompanied by unpleasant pictures. Immediately after stimulus presentation the subjects underwent a recognition test. One month later the subjects underwent a second recognition test, at the end of which they were required to give an evaluation of the pleasantness of each odour on a nine-point scale. At no age level did the pictures matched to the odours affect the recognition score. Olfactory memory varied with age, chiefly because memory decay increased with age, perhaps because of greater proactive interference. With increasing age more rapid decay was set against better immediate recognition. The hypothesis that the hedonic characteristics of odours are partially learned and are affected by events experienced in other modalities was supported.

Developmental Changes in Gaze Behavior and the Effects of Auditory Emotion Word Priming in Emotional Face Categorization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Michael Vesker ◽  
Daniela Bahn ◽  
Christina Kauschke ◽  
Gudrun Schwarzer
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Face Categorization

Abstract Social interactions often require the simultaneous processing of emotions from facial expressions and speech. However, the development of the gaze behavior used for emotion recognition, and the effects of speech perception on the visual encoding of facial expressions is less understood. We therefore conducted a word-primed face categorization experiment, where participants from multiple age groups (six-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and adults) categorized target facial expressions as positive or negative after priming with valence-congruent or -incongruent auditory emotion words, or no words at all. We recorded our participants’ gaze behavior during this task using an eye-tracker, and analyzed the data with respect to the fixation time toward the eyes and mouth regions of faces, as well as the time until participants made the first fixation within those regions (time to first fixation, TTFF). We found that the six-year-olds showed significantly higher accuracy in categorizing congruently primed faces compared to the other conditions. The six-year-olds also showed faster response times, shorter total fixation durations, and faster TTFF measures in all primed trials, regardless of congruency, as compared to unprimed trials. We also found that while adults looked first, and longer, at the eyes as compared to the mouth regions of target faces, children did not exhibit this gaze behavior. Our results thus indicate that young children are more sensitive than adults or older children to auditory emotion word primes during the perception of emotional faces, and that the distribution of gaze across the regions of the face changes significantly from childhood to adulthood.

scholarly journals Integrating fuzzy Kano model and fuzzy importance–performance analysis to analyse the attractive factors of new products

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 155014772092022
Author(s):  
Le Xi ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Sunan Li ◽  
Jianxin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
Resolution Problem ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

The sorting mechanism underlying the traditional evaluation grid method with attractive factors mainly represents the time or the paired comparison method. However, the current approach employed to identify abstract factors of attractiveness may not be comprehensive. The objective of this article is to propose a hybrid method with an integrated fuzzy Kano model and fuzzy importance–performance analysis to evaluate attractive factors. Fuzzy importance–performance analysis is a more accurate quantitative–qualitative method for two-dimensional analysis, and integrated fuzzy Kano model compensates for the low-resolution problem of the traditional Kano model. A combination of both models arrives at a more comprehensive and reliable evaluation grid method evaluation mechanism. The results indicate that the attractive factors sorted through integrated fuzzy Kano model–fuzzy importance–performance analysis have deconstructed abstract factors and feature factors of the customer service robot. Moreover, the key factors of the products sorted by through integrated fuzzy Kano model–fuzzy importance–performance analysis provide a better understanding of customer expectations associated with the products, which consequently enables developers and designers to accurately understand the design style and conceive new ideas.

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