Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Community-Based Centenarians

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measure for assessing sleep impairment. Although it was developed as a unidimensional instrument, there is much debate that it contains multidimensional latent constructs. This study aims to investigate the dimensionality of the underlying factor structure of the PSQI in a multi-ethnic working population in Singapore. The PSQI was administered on three occasions (baseline, 3 months and 12 months) to full-time employees participating in a workplace cohort study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) investigated the latent factor structure of the scale at each timepoint. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the model identified by EFA, and additionally evaluated it against a single factor and a three-factor model. The EFA identified a two-factor model with similar internal consistency and goodness-of-fit across each timepoint. In the CFA, the two- and three-factor models were both superior to the unidimensional model. The two- and three-factor models of the PSQI were reliable, consistent and provided similar goodness-of-fit over time, and both models were superior to the unidimensional measure. We recommend using the two-factor model to assess sleep characteristics in working populations in Singapore, given that it performs as well as the three-factor model and is simpler compared to the latter.

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The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a multi-ethnic Asian population contains a three-factor structure

Sleep And Breathing ◽

10.1007/s11325-015-1130-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 1147-1154 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hiromi W. L. Koh ◽

Raymond Boon Tar Lim ◽

Kee Seng Chia ◽

Wei Yen Lim

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Quality Index ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Asian Population ◽

Three Factor

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Construct validity and factor structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among physicians in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research ◽

10.18187/pjsor.v14i4.2729 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 935-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Azam Malik ◽

Marwan A. Bakarman ◽

Nadeem Shafique Butt

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Factor Structure ◽

World Literature ◽

Quality Index ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Factor Model ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Sleep disorders continue to rise and have been estimated to affect around half of the global population. Poor sleep quality and insomnia are also linked to various health issues in different populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is one of the most commonly used tool to assess sleep quality. It has been tested in various clinical and non-clinical settings and populations but mostly in developed world. Literature is limited from Arab region and further scarcity of studies is observed among health providers from the region. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and factor structure of PSQI among physicians in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study used the PSQI tool with 19 items and 7 components on 330 physicians working in Jeddah. Data was entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS and AMOS version 22. Cronbach alpha was 0.745. Construct validity showed satisfactory results. Exploration of factor structure with Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed 1-factor model as better fit. Among three models, 3-factor model showed least fit indices. The study findings showed some similarities as well as differences to comparable studies using PSQI in other settings that requires further as well as continuous exploration of the dynamic issue in similar and diverse settings.

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The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: Validity and factor structure in young people.

Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1037/pas0000128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. e22-e27 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Rocío de la Vega ◽

Catarina Tomé-Pires ◽

Ester Solé ◽

Mélanie Racine ◽

Elena Castarlenas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Quality Index ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

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Factor structure of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index in Chinese adolescents

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.966 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. S346

Author(s):

Q. Shen ◽

X. Xu ◽

C. Deng

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Quality Index ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Chinese Adolescents

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Factor Structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Journal of Sleep sciences ◽

10.18502/jss.v5i2.5598 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Shamsipour ◽

Ali Asghar Akhlaghi ◽

Samira Vesali ◽

Elham Khatooni ◽

Arezu Najafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Quality Index ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Factor Model ◽

Infertility Treatment ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Infertility Treatments

Background and Objective: People that undergo assisted infertility treatments experience more sleep problems. Although Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) frequently has been used as a sleep quality assessment scale in different clinical and non-clinical settings, different sample characteristics may account for different structures. The current study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of PSQI among women seeking infertility treatment in Iran. Materials and Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, 157 infertile women or women whose husbands had infertility problems were included in a cross-sectional study in Royan Institute, a main referral infertility center in Tehran, Iran. The factor structure of PSQI was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for PSQI was 0.65. A two-factor model was extracted by EFA; 56% of the total variance was accounted for by this model. The results of CFA indicated that extracted model obtained acceptable fit statistics [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.942, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.042, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.128, χ2 = 19.8, degree of freedom (df) = 12, P = 0.071] compared to other original single-factor or 3-factor models. Conclusion: Our results revealed the limited usefulness of single-factor structure of PSQI. A two-factor model of Persian version of PSQI should be used to assess sleep problems among women seeking assisted infertility treatments.

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