scholarly journals Pictures Library of Smoking Cravings: Development and Verification of Smokers and Non-smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongke Gu ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Zhifei Yin ◽  
Huiting Cai ◽  
Yongqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Picture Database ◽  
Expectation Model ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Background: The cue-induced craving by addiction related materials is commonly employed in addiction research; however, no existing standardized picture database based on the expectation model of craving has been developed. We prepared and validated a Pictures Library of Smoking Cravings (PLSC) in this study.Methods: We captured pictures 366 smoking and 406 control pictures (matched in content). We selected 109 smoking pictures and 115 control pictures and asked participants to provide ratings of craving, familiarity, valence, and arousal induced in them. Participants were divided into three groups: non-smokers (n = 211), light smokers (n = 504), and heavy smokers (n = 101).Results: The results showed that smoking pictures evoked a greater craving, familiarity, and arousal than control pictures in smokers (ps < 0.01). In addition, craving caused by smoking pictures was positively associated with the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence score in dependent smokers.Conclusions: Overall, the contemporary results showed that PLSC is effective and can be used in smoking-related studies.

Decreased serum calcium levels and negative correlation with degree of nicotine dependence in heavy smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Dongbo Dai ◽  
Yimin Kang ◽  
Wenhui Lin ◽  
Difei Sun ◽  
Cheng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Heavy Smokers

An unusual case of nicotine dependence

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guy Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Plasma Nicotine ◽  
Heavy Smokers

SynopsisThe case of a 49-year-old woman who has been brushing her teeth for 12 years with large amounts of snuff is described. She was dependent on the habit and had plasma nicotine and cotinine levels similar to those found in heavy smokers. Historical and cultural aspects of the use of snuff are discussed.

NSAIDs Halve Oral Cancer in Heavy Smokers

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Robert Finn
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Maternal Perception of Infants’ Expressions of Emotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krippl ◽  
Stephanie Ast-Scheitenberger ◽  
Ina Bovenschen ◽  
Gottfried Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Startle Amplitude ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Opponent Process ◽  
Opponent Process Theory ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In light of Lang’s differentiation of the aversive and the approach system – and assumptions stemming from attachment theory – this study investigates the role of the approach or caregiving system for processing infant emotional stimuli by comparing IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and videos. IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and infant videos of positive, neutral, or negative content were presented to 69 mothers, accompanied by randomized startle probes. The assessment of emotional responses included subjective ratings of valence and arousal, corrugator activity, the startle amplitude, and electrodermal activity. In line with Lang’s original conception, the typical startle response pattern was found for IAPS pictures, whereas no startle modulation was observed for infant pictures. Moreover, the startle amplitudes during negative video scenes depicting crying infants were reduced. The results are discussed with respect to several theoretical and methodological considerations, including Lang’s theory, emotion regulation, opponent process theory, and the parental caregiving system.

Emotions Under the Skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Soares ◽  
Francisco Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract. The present study examined physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli as a function of attachment style. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) changes were simultaneously recorded while participants engaged in a visual attentional task. The task included positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures, and required the identification of a target (neutral picture rotated 90° to the left or right), among a stream of pictures in which an emotional distracter (positive or negative) was presented. Participants additionally rated each of the emotional distracters for valence and arousal. Behavioral results on the attentional task showed that positive pictures facilitated overall target detection for all participants, compared to negative and neutral pictures, and that anxiously attached participants had significantly lower accuracy scores, relative to the other groups. Affective ratings indicated that positive pictures were rated as being more pleasant than negative ones, although no differences were found in HR changes to picture valence. In contrast, negative pictures were evaluated as being highly arousing. Consistent with this, negative pictures elicited larger SCRs in both insecure anxious and avoidant groups, especially for the anxious while the secure group showed SCRs unaffected by stimuli’s arousal. Present results show that individuals with different attachment styles reveal distinct patterns of attentional bias, appraisal, and physiological reactivity toward emotionally arousing stimuli. These findings further highlight the regulatory function of the attachment system.

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