Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still one of the most critical issues impeding worldwide TB control efforts. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to give an updated picture of the prevalence of DR-TB in Sudan. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) to identify all published studies reporting prevalence data of DR-TB in Sudan. Sixteen eligible studies published during 2002–2020 were included. Using meta-analysis of proportions, the pooled prevalence of TB cases with resistance to any anti-TB drugs was 47.0% (95% CI: 35.5–58.6%). The overall prevalence of mono, multi, poly and extensive drug resistance were estimated to be 16.2% (95% CI: 9.0–23.4%), 22.8% (95% CI: 16.0–29.7%), 6.8% (95% CI: 0.5–13.0%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0–2.1%), respectively. Considering any first-line anti-TB drugs, the resistance prevalence was highest for isoniazid (32.3%) and streptomycin (31.7%), followed by rifampicin (29.2%). In contrast, resistance against second-line drugs was reported for only two antibiotics, namely, ofloxacin (2.1%) and kanamycin (0.7%). Of note, the resistance profile of the previously treated patients was found to be remarkably high compared with the newly diagnosed TB patients. The relatively high prevalence estimation of anti-TB drug resistance warrants strengthening TB control and treatment strategies in Sudan.

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Concordance of drug resistance profiles between persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis and their household contacts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa613 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia S Chiang ◽

Meredith B Brooks ◽

Helen E Jenkins ◽

Dana Rubenstein ◽

James A Seddon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Index Cases

Abstract Background Household contacts of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis are at high risk for being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and for developing tuberculosis disease. To guide regimen composition for the empirical treatment of tuberculosis infection and disease in these household contacts, we estimated drug resistance profile concordance between index patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis and their household contacts. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published through July 24, 2018 and reported resistance profiles of drug-resistant tuberculosis index and secondary cases within their households. Using a random-effects meta-analysis, we estimated resistance profile concordance, defined as the percentage of secondary cases whose M. tuberculosis strains were resistant to the same drugs as strains from their index cases. We also estimated isoniazid/rifampin concordance, defined as whether index and secondary cases had identical susceptibilities for isoniazid and rifampin only. Results We identified 33 eligible studies, which evaluated resistance profile concordance between 484 secondary cases and their household index cases. Pooled resistance profile concordance was 54.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.7-67.6, I2=85%). Pooled isoniazid/rifampin concordance was 82.6% (95% CI: 72.3-90.9; I2=73%). Concordance estimates were similar in a sub-analysis of 16 studies from high tuberculosis-burden countries. There were insufficient data to perform a sub-analysis among pediatric secondary cases. Conclusion Household contacts of drug-resistant TB patients should receive treatment for TB infection and disease that assumes that they, too, are infected with a drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strain. Whenever possible, drug susceptibility testing should be performed for secondary cases to optimize regimen composition.

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Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258295

Author(s):

Getu Diriba ◽

Habteyes Hailu Tola ◽

Ayinalem Alemu ◽

Bazezew Yenew ◽

Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis

Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are the world major public health issues. Although some primary studies have been reported on the burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that attempt to summarize the available literature. Thus, we aimed to estimates the prevalence of drug-resistance in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and summarize the risk factors associated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the published primary studies on extrapulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Results Eight observational studies were included in this review from different regions of Ethiopia. The overall pooled prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 6% (95% CI 0.03–0.10), while isoniazid resistance was 7% (95% CI 0.03–0.12). The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 4% (95% CI 0.01–0.07). Previous tuberculosis treatment history and male gender are frequently reported risk factors for developing drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The current review has identified a high proportion of resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Clinicians should request drug susceptibility testing for all patients with presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis to detect drug-resistance.

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