tb control
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2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Nina Pamela Sari ◽  
Asep Muksin ◽  
Putri Nur Anjeli ◽  
Haeya Firda Nisa ◽  
Eri Nugraha

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease whose number is still increasing in Indonesia, especially in Mulyasari Village, Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya City. TB incidence in Tamansari as of November 2020 reached 58 people, 3 people died and 1 person experienced drug resistance. Muhammadiyah is an Islamic da'wah movement for amar ma'ruf nahi munkar whose one of its da'wah movements is concerned with social humanitarian movements in the health sector. One of the health services that continues to be developed by Muhammadiyah is service and counseling to the community about TB disease and socialization of the use of TB Comprehensive PMO guidelines which can improve the cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities of TB PMO which have an impact on increasing public awareness of TB disease. This program is implemented through counseling to cadres, religious leaders and PMOs in the work area of ??the Tamansari Health Center about TB disease and socialization of the use of TB Comprehensive PMO guidelines. Tamansari Health Center consists of 4 sub-districts, namely Mulyasari village, Sukahurip village, Setyawargi village and Setyamulya village. The results of this community service are an increase in the knowledge of cadres, PMOs and religious leaders about TB control and the formation of the TB Care Muhammadiyah management where in each disctrict there are 4 Muhammadiyah branch managers who collaborate with the village cadre coordinator to participate in monitoring the treatment of TB patients in the Tamansari area.


Author(s):  
Cruz S. Sebastião ◽  
João Samulengo ◽  
Euclides Sacomboio ◽  
Ngiambudulu M. Francisco ◽  
Carlos Teixeira ◽  
...  

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of illness and public health concern, especially in resource-limited countries. This study analyzed the characteristics related to anti-TB drug resistance. Moreover, we examined the evidence-based indications for the treatment of active TB in Angola. This study evaluated the medical records of 176 patients screened for TB from January to September 2016 in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. Approximately 66.5% of the patients were newly diagnosed with active TB. The residence area showed a significant relationship with TB (P = 0.025), whereas age group (P = 0.272), gender (P = 0.853), and HIV status (P = 0.284) did not showed any relationship with TB. Overall, 72.4% of TB patients had resistance to at least one of the anti-TB drugs. The risk of anti-TB drug resistance was higher in males (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–3.58, P = 0.685] and in TB-HIV coinfected patients [OR: 1.39; (95% CI: 0.26–7.28), P = 0.700], whereas it was lower in patients aged 30 years or older (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.18–1.69) P = 0.303) and in patients living in urbanized areas (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.17–3.25; P = 0.685). Our findings showed that drug-resistant TB is emerging in Angola. Further studies on factors related to anti-TB drug resistance are urgently needed to ascertain the magnitude of the problem and to proffer strategies toward TB control in Angola.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuma Urgeya Diriba ◽  
Gemechu Churiso

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Even though many of the WHO recommended TB control strategy was implemented; there is still a major gap in TB case detection and treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among presumptive TB patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 TB suspected patients in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Laboratory examination was processed using Xpert-MTB/RIF assay. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Results Out of 384 study participants suspected with TB, M tuberculosis was isolated from 103 giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%. Males (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.56-2.65, P=0.01) were more likely to develop TB than females. Study participants who were illiterate (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.17-2.51, p=0.014) were more likely to develop TB than the educated one. Cigarette smokers (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.10-3.84, p=0.01), khat chewers (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28-3.79, p=0.01), vaccination (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.21-0.88, p=0.02), close contact (AOR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24-4.50, p=0.01) and being positive for HIV (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.52, 0.01) were more likely to develop TB. Conclusion Despite implementation of national and international TB control strategies, TB still remains one of the major public health problems in the country especially in the study area. The high prevalence of MTB was reported different risk groups. Early case detection and management of TB should be given special attention to strengthen and an appropriate control and prevention methods to reduce the emergence and increasing of MTB cases.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261084
Author(s):  
Abyot Meaza ◽  
Ephrem Tesfaye ◽  
Zemedu Mohamed ◽  
Betselot Zerihun ◽  
Getachew Seid ◽  
...  

Background Rapid and sensitive Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis closer to patients is a key global TB control priority. Truenat assays (MTB, MTB Plus, and MTB-RIF Dx) are new TB molecular diagnostic tools for the detection of TB and Rifampicin (RIF)-resistance from sputum samples. The diagnostic accuracy of the assays is needed prior to implementation in clinical use in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Truenat assays; and aimed to compare the assays to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Methods A prospective evaluation study was conducted among 200 presumptive TB patients in microscopy centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 2019 to December 2020. Culture (Solid and Liquid methods) and phenotypic (liquid method) drug susceptibility testing (DST) were used as a reference standard. Results Of 200 adult participants, culture confirmed TB cases were 25 (12.5%), and only one isolate was resistant to RIF by phenotypic DST. The sensitivity of Truenat MTB was 88.0% [95% CI 70.1, 95.8], while 91.7 [95% CI 74.2, 97.7] for Truenat MTB Plus at the microscopy centers. The specificity of Truenat MTB was 97.2% [95% CI 93.1, 98.9], while for Truenat MTB Plus was 97.2% [95% CI 93.0, 99.0]. The sensitivity of Truenat MTB was 90.5% while for MTB Plus, 100% compared to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Conclusion Truenat assays were found to have high diagnostic accuracy. The assays have the potential to be used as a point of care (POC) TB diagnostic tests.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumnia Bouaddi ◽  
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Abdul Moiz Sahito ◽  
Pritik A. Shah ◽  
Abdelrahman Zaki Ali Mohammed ◽  
...  

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease that kills approximately 1.5 million people per year and is among the most frequent respiratory infections in developing countries. Morocco has made significant progress in the control and management of TB during the past 30 years thanks to its National Plan for Tuberculosis and the continuous support of national and international partners. While tremendous efforts were undertaken to tilt the balance against the COVID-19 pandemic, new challenges resurfaced with regard to long-standing health problems amongst which is TB. The spill-over effect of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health service delivery globally, threatening to reverse years of progress made on the TB control front. In Morocco, this crisis highlighted deep shortcomings within the national health system and in the adopted approach to TB control. This article discusses national efforts to get back on track with regard to TB management, the multitude of challenges that co-emerged with the onset of COVID-19 and lays down key recommendations to implement in order to build back a TB control plan that is resilient in the face of health hazards.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Lia D’Ambrosio ◽  
Rosella Centis ◽  
Claudia C. Dobler ◽  
Simon Tiberi ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
...  

Tuberculosis (TB) does not respect borders, and migration confounds global TB control and elimination. Systematic screening of immigrants from TB high burden settings and—to a lesser degree TB infection (TBI)—is recommended in most countries with a low incidence of TB. The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of a diverse group of international health professionals on TB management among migrants. Participants expressed their level of agreement using a six-point Likert scale with different statements in an online survey available in English, French, Mandarin, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian. The survey consisted of eight sections, covering TB and TBI screening and treatment in migrants. A total of 1055 respondents from 80 countries and territories participated between November 2019 and April 2020. The largest professional groups were pulmonologists (16.8%), other clinicians (30.4%), and nurses (11.8%). Participants generally supported infection control and TB surveillance established practices (administrative interventions, personal protection, etc.), while they disagreed on how to diagnose and manage both TB and TBI, particularly on which TBI regimens to use and when patients should be hospitalised. The results of this first knowledge, attitude and practice study on TB screening and treatment in migrants will inform public health policy and educational resources.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Linda Widyarani ◽  
Cecilya Kustanti

Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis, transmission occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing mycobacterium tuberculosis, is spread from person to person through the air. The health cadres play an essential role for tuberculosis control and prevention. Therefore tuberculosis knowledge and skills among health cadres needs to be strengthened. Knowledge is a very important factor in shaping a person's actions, behaviors based on knowledge will last longer than those without it. This study aims to analyze and to prove the influence of education with montage learning methods in strengthening the role of health cadre in TB control and prevention. Used an pre experimental design and one group pre test and post test design with sampel of 20 people. Data collected using a questionnaires. Analysis used paired t-test with a significance level of 5% (α = 0,05). The result of the study provides that knowledge and skills of health cadres about TB control and prevention before intervention shows the lowest score of 58,75±14,59 and after intervention of 74,25±10,30. The results of the research used paired t-test showed that the cadres knowledge and skills about TB control and prevention rise after the montage learning methods, while the value of p value was 0,003 < 0,05.    


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan H. E. Kaufmann

The year 2020 was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic which killed more people than any other infectious disease in this particular year. At the same time, the development of highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccines within less than a year raises hope that this threat can be tamed in the near future. For the last 200 years, the agent of tuberculosis (TB) has been the worst killer amongst all pathogens. Although a vaccine has been available for 100 years, TB remains a substantial threat. The TB vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has saved tens of millions of lives since its deployment. It was the best and only choice available amongst many attempts to develop efficacious vaccines and all competitors, be they subunit vaccines, viable vaccines or killed whole cell vaccines have failed. Yet, BCG is insufficient. The last decades have witnessed a reawakening of novel vaccine approaches based on deeper insights into immunity underlying TB and BCG immunization. In addition, technical advances in molecular genetics and the design of viral vectors and adjuvants have facilitated TB vaccine development. This treatise discusses firstly early TB vaccine developments leading to BCG as the sole preventive measure which stood the test of time, but failed to significantly contribute to TB control and secondly more recent attempts to develop novel vaccines are described that focus on the genetically modified BCG-based vaccine VPM1002, which has become the frontrunner amongst viable TB vaccine candidates. It is hoped that highly efficacious vaccines against TB will become available even though it remains unclear whether and when this ambition can be accomplished. None the less it is clear that the goal of reducing TB morbidity and mortality by 90% or 95%, respectively, by 2030 as proposed by the World Health Organization depends significantly on better vaccines.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palka Mittal ◽  
Puneeta Ajmera ◽  
Vineet Jain ◽  
Gaurav Aggarwal

PurposeTuberculosis (TB) continues to c-exist with humans despite many TB control programs and elimination strategies. This depicts that some barriers are not allowing achieving the desired results. The current study aims to focus on identification and ranking of such barriers to facilitate TB control programs in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, 13 barriers that can influence success rate of TB elimination strategies have been recognized with an in-depth assessment of related literature and opinions of specialists from medical industry and academic world. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques have been employed for the ranking of barriers.FindingsBased on driving power of barriers, the study coined that underinvestment is a major barrier followed by poor implementation of government policies and programs, poverty and poor primary health care infrastructure.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings may guide healthcare service providers and researchers in analyzing the barriers and understanding the necessity of further advancements to decrease the count of already existing and incident cases.Practical implicationsPolicy- and decision-makers may utilize the information on dependence and driving power of barriers for better planning and effective execution of TB control strategies.Originality/valueAlthough a lot of literature is available on different barriers that are affecting success of TB strategies, the current study analyzes all the key barriers collectively for the prioritization of barriers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Meimi Laillah ◽  
Ridwan Manda Putra ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto

TTuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which affects the lungs and other organ., Indonesia is the third highest after India and China and Indonesia’s top ten causes of death in Indonesia. The purposeofthis study wastodeterminestrategycontrolof the TB Program in Pekanbaru City. Thisstudyisresearchwith SWOT analysisandsurveyanddirectinterviews in thefield,and the studyisgoing onJanuary-February 2021 at Pekanbaru City Primary Health Care, Tenayan Raya and Simpang Tiga PrimaryHealth Care.interview and survey with a total sampling method of 84 samples. The study’s resultsfrom the government policy involved that supporting the TB program in   Pekanbaru cityisrespectable. At thesametime, fromthecommunity in thefield, there are stillpeoplewhodo not understand TB disease, forexample, theincidenceof TB disease, mode oftransmission, andthedurationoftreatmentandprevention. Suggested in controllingthe program TB disease, it is necessary to provide education and explanation to sufferers and the surrounding community


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