scholarly journals Emotional Response to Vibrothermal Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8905
Author(s):  
Yatiraj Shetty ◽  
Shubham Mehta ◽  
Diep Tran ◽  
Bhavica Soni ◽  
Troy McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulus ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Haptic Interfaces ◽  
Dynamic Temperature ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

Emotional response to haptic stimuli is a widely researched topic, but the combination of vibrotactile and thermal stimuli requires more attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate emotional response to vibrothermal stimulation by combining spatiotemporal vibrotactile stimulus with dynamic thermal stimulus (hot or cold). The vibrotactile and thermal stimuli were produced using the Haptic Chair and the Embr wave thermal bracelet, respectively. The results show that spatiotemporal vibrotactile patterns and their duration, and dynamic thermal stimulation, have an independent effect on the emotional response. Increasing duration generally increases the valence and arousal of emotional response. Shifting the dynamic temperature from cold to hot generally decreases the valence of emotional response but has no significant effect on arousal. Nevertheless, certain spatiotemporal patterns do exhibit unique responses to changes in dynamic temperature, although no interaction effects were found. The results show the potential of designing affective haptic interfaces using multimodal vibrothermal feedback.

scholarly journals Effect of congruence between sound and video on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-631
Author(s):  
Sebastián Calderón ◽  
Raúl Rincón ◽  
Andrés Araujo ◽  
Carlos Gantiva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Bimodal Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Most studies of emotional responses have used unimodal stimuli (e.g., pictures or sounds) or congruent bimodal stimuli (e.g., video clips with sound), but little is known about the emotional response to incongruent bimodal stimuli. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of congruence between auditory and visual bimodal stimuli on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotional dimension, valence and arousal. Subjects listened to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant sounds, accompanied by videos with and without content congruence, and heart rate was recorded. Dimensions of valence and arousal of each bimodal stimulus were then self-reported. The results showed that heart rate depends of the valence of the sounds but not of the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. The valence and arousal scores changed depending on the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. These results suggest that the congruence of bimodal stimuli affects the subjective perception of emotion.

Responses of spinothalamic tract cells to mechanical and thermal stimulation of skin in rats with experimental peripheral neuropathy

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Palecek ◽  
V. Paleckova ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
S. M. Carlton ◽  
W. D. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Spinothalamic Tract ◽  
High Background ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Responses of spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons to mechanical and thermal stimulation of skin were recorded under urethane and pentobarbital anesthesia in 12 control rats and in 20 rats with experimental neuropathy. Activity of the STT cells in neuropathic rats was recorded 7, 14, and 28 days after inducing the neuropathy by placing four loose ligatures on the sciatic nerve. 2. All neuropathic animals showed guarding of the injured hindpaw and a shorter withdrawal latency from a radiant heat source of the neuropathic hindpaw than that of the sham-operated paw. 3. STT neurons in neuropathic animals showed the most profound changes 7 and 14 days after the nerve ligation. When compared with STT cells in unoperated animals, approximately half of the neurons had high background activity, responses to innocuous stimuli represented a larger percentage of the total evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons, and the occurrence and magnitude of afterdischarges to mechanical and thermal stimuli were increased. 4. The mean threshold temperatures of heat-evoked responses of the STT cells in neuropathic animals were not different than those of cells from control animals. However, in neuropathic rats, cells reacting to small heat stimuli usually already had afterdischarges. 5. The increase in the background activity of STT cells is consistent with behavioral observations of spontaneous pain in this model of experimental neuropathy. Furthermore, the afterdischarges of STT cells may parallel the prolonged paw withdrawal in response to noxious stimuli that is seen in these animals and that is evidence for hyperalgesia. However, there was no indication of a lowered threshold for thermal stimuli as might be expected if the animals have thermal allodynia. Mechanical allodynia may have resulted from a relative increase in responsiveness to innocuous mechanical stimuli. However, responses to noxious mechanical stimuli were reduced compared with control, at least at 28 days after the ligation. Peripheral and central mechanisms responsible for the changes in responses of STT cells in neuropathic animals are suggested.

scholarly journals Possible analgesic effect of vigabatrin in animal experimental chronic neuropathic pain

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
NILZA D. ALVES ◽  
CARLOS M. DE CASTRO-COSTA ◽  
ALBA M. DE CARVALHO ◽  
FRANKLIN J. C. SANTOS ◽  
DELANO G. SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

Since anticonvulsants have been used for treating neuralgias, an interest has arisen to experimentally test vigabatrin for its gabaergic mechanism of action. For this, 41 Wistar rats were used, and in 25 of them a constrictive sciatic neuropathy was induced (Bennet & Xie model). For testing pain symptoms, spontaneous (scratching) and evoked behaviors to noxious (46o C) and non-noxious (40o C) thermal stimuli were quantified. Moreover, a comparative pharmacological study of vigabatrin with other analgesic anticonvulsant drugs was also performed. The results showed a possible dose-dependent analgesic effect of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl-GABA) on experimental neuropathic pain, as shown by the significant (p<0.05) decreasing effect of vigabatrin on scratching and by its significant (p<0.05) increasing effect on the latency of the right hindpaw withdrawal of the animals to noxious thermal stimulus. This was corroborated by similar findings with analgesic anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin and valproic acid). This possible and not yet described analgesic effect of vigabatrin seems not to be opioid mediated.

Hot–Cold Confusion: Inverse Thermal Sensation When Hot and Cold Stimuli Coexist in a Thermal Localization Task

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110040
Author(s):  
Keisuke Arai ◽  
Miki Matsumuro ◽  
Satoshi Hashiguchi ◽  
Fumihisa Shibata ◽  
Asako Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Cold Stimulus ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

We focused on the inverse thermal sensation caused by the presence of both hot and cold stimuli, which we named hot–cold confusion. Some researchers have shown that when participants touch a thermal stimulus simultaneously with two opposite thermal stimuli on both sides, the outer temperatures dominate the center temperature; for example, a hot stimulus between two cold stimuli is perceived as cold. However, there has not been sufficient research on the effect of the center stimulus on the outer stimuli. In the current study, we placed a participant’s forearm on an alignment where hot and cold stimuli were alternately placed in three locations and found that the participants sometimes selected the inverse thermal sensation of the presented surface not only at the center but also at the outer locations. Namely, opposite thermal stimuli applied at multiple locations affected each other, and the participants sometimes perceived the hot stimulus at the outer location as cold even when the two of three stimuli were hot, and vice versa. In addition, using various alignments of thermal stimuli, we revealed a directional bias of the effect from the cold stimulus and a difference in strength according to its location on the forearm.

scholarly journals Empathy and Emotional Contagion as a Link Between Recognized and Felt Emotions in Music Listening

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke Egermann ◽  
Stephen McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Previous studies have shown that there is a difference between recognized and induced emotion in music listening. In this study, empathy is tested as a possible moderator between recognition and induction that is, on its own, moderated via music preference evaluations and other individual and situational features. Preference was also tested to determine whether it had an effect on measures of emotion independently from emotional expression. A web-based experiment gathered from 3,164 music listeners emotion, empathy, and preference ratings in a between-subjects design embedded in a music-personality test. Stimuli were a sample of 23 musical excerpts (each 30 seconds long, five randomly assigned to each participant) from various musical styles chosen to represent different emotions and preferences. Listeners in the recognition rating condition rated measures of valence and arousal significantly differently than listeners in the felt rating condition. Empathy ratings were shown to modulate this relationship: when empathy was present, the difference between the two rating types was reduced. Furthermore, we confirmed preference as one major predictor of empathy ratings. Emotional contagion was tested and confirmed as an additional direct effect of emotional expression on induced emotions. This study is among the first to explicitly test empathy and emotional contagion during music listening, helping to explain the often-reported emotional response to music in everyday life.

scholarly journals Caracterización de un músculo artificial de nylon y su implementación en una articulación de un robot manipulador serial

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Patricio Zamudio-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Tonatiuh Aguilar-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Intelligent Materials ◽  
Anisotropic Property ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

In this paper we present the study and description of a nylon muscle, to validate its performance and define its properties, applying loads on it and subjecting it to thermal stimuli. The results of the implementation of the nylon muscle are reported in a joint of a rigid mechanism, of a serial manipulator, however, the difficult thermal control that the muscle possesses makes the thermal shock (the ambient temperature and the applied one) wear at a certain point to the muscle, exhausting its properties or a very slow response from it. Testing that the material can only be used in the suspension of the load in the application of rigid systems. It is observed that an important feature of nylon muscles is their incredible capacity to contract loads that are higher than the same weight of the muscle and that by means of a thermal stimulus can be contracted thanks to its anisotropic property, just as the material is extremely attractive for the application of soft robotics and intelligent materials

Distribution and response properties of cat SI neurons responsive to changes in tooth temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 822-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iwata ◽  
Y. Tsuboi ◽  
H. Muramatsu ◽  
R. Sumino
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Stimulus Temperature ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The activity of 214 tooth pulp-driven neurons (TPNs) in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) activated by electrical stimulation of the canine tooth pulp was studied in anesthetized cats. These neurons were tested for their responses to thermal stimulation of the tooth pulp. 2. One hundred fifty-five TPNs were not responsive to changes in tooth temperature (thermally insensitive, TINS-TPNs) and 59 TPNs were responsive (thermally sensitive, TS-TPNs: 38 TS-TPNs were heat sensitive and 21 were cold sensitive). TS-TPNs were also tested for responsiveness to mechanical and thermal stimulation of the skin, mucosa, or periodontal membrane. Each TS-TPN was classified on the basis of cutaneous, mucosal, or periodontal mechanical receptive-field properties as either low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM: 57%), wide dynamic range (WDR: 25%), nociceptive specific (NS: 10%) or pulp specific (PS: 8%). 3. TS-TPNs were distributed in an upper bank of the orbital sulcus of SI. The majority were located in laminae III (32%) and IV (60%) of area 3b. 4. Heat-sensitive LTM, WDR, PS TS-TPNs, and cold-sensitive LTM TS-TPNs were characterized by a rapid rise in firing rate during thermal stimulation of the tooth pulp. In contrast, heat-sensitive NS and cold-sensitive NS and PS TS-TPNs responded with a slow rise in firing frequency during thermal stimuli delivered to the tooth pulp. 5. A linear regression analysis was applied to the stimulus-response functions of neuronal discharges of TS-TPNs. Fifty-six percent of heat-sensitive LTM, WDR, and cold-sensitive LTM TS-TPNs showed statistically significant relation (P less than 0.5) between peak firing frequency and stimulus temperature and increasing firing frequency after increases in stimulus temperature, whereas heat-sensitive and cold-sensitive NS and PS TS-TPNs did not show a clear increase in firing frequency during the thermal stimulus. 6. These findings suggest that heat-sensitive LTM and WDR TS-TPNs and cold-sensitive LTM TS-TPNs that showed high regression coefficients in stimulus-response function may be involved in encoding the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation of the tooth pulp.

Responses of nociceptive SI neurons in monkeys and pain sensation in humans elicited by noxious thermal stimulation: effect of interstimulus interval

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Chudler ◽  
F. Anton ◽  
R. Dubner ◽  
D. R. Kenshalo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

1. Twenty-six nociceptive neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of anesthetized monkeys were responsive to noxious thermal stimulation applied to the face. Thermode temperature increased from a base line of 38 degrees C to temperatures ranging from 44 to 49 degrees C (T1). After a period of 5 s, the temperature increased an additional 1 degree C (T2). The neuronal responses to noxious thermal stimuli were compared when the interstimulus interval (ISI) was 30 or 180 s. 2. A linear regression analysis was applied to the stimulus-response functions of neuronal responses to T1 stimuli obtained at ISIs of 180 s. Based on the slopes and linear regression coefficients of these stimulus-response functions, two populations of nociceptive neurons were identified. The neuronal responses of one population of nociceptive SI neurons (WDR1) to T1 stimuli were characterized by steep slopes and high regression coefficients, whereas the other population (WDR2) had flatter slopes and lower regression coefficients. WDR1 neurons responded with monotonic increases in neuronal activity as the stimulus intensity increased. However, the peak frequency of WDR2 neurons often reached a plateau below 47 degrees C. Both WDR1 and WDR2 neurons had receptive fields that encompassed one or two divisions of the trigeminal nerve. 3. The T1 neuronal responses of WDR1 neurons were significantly suppressed when thermal stimuli were delivered with ISIs of 30 s. The T1 neuronal responses of WDR2 and the T2 responses of both WDR1 and WDR2 neurons were not significantly different when ISIs of 30 and 180 s were used. The T1 thresholds of WDR1 and WDR2 neurons were significantly higher when stimuli were delivered with ISIs of 30 s compared with ISIs of 180 s. 4. Most nociceptive SI neurons were located in layers III and IV of area 1-2. In a number of instances, multiple nociceptive neurons were found in the same microelectrode penetration. 5. The humans' intensity of pain sensation paralleled the neuronal responses of nociceptive SI neurons. With the use of a similar paradigm as in the monkey experiments, increases in T1 and T2 temperatures resulted in monotonic increases in pain ratings and change in pain sensation, respectively. However, the intensity of pain sensation to T1 temperatures was suppressed by ISIs of 30 s. Neither ISI produced statistically significant changes in the intensity of pain sensation to T2 stimuli. 6. These data demonstrate that manipulations that alter the intensity of pain sensation also produce concomitant changes in the responsiveness of nociceptive SI neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Duration of Venodilation for Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation, as Induced by a Thermal Stimulus on the Forearm

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tokizawa ◽  
Tomomi Tsujimoto ◽  
Tomoko Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Proportional Change ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
Time Point

Background:Application of a thermal stimulus is a common procedure used to promote venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC); however, the effects of thermal stimulation on the duration of venodilation and skin temperature of the forearm are unclear.Aim:To investigate the duration of venodilation induced by a thermal stimulus on the forearm.Method:Healthy female adults ( N = 40) from Japan participated in this study from November to December 2013. A heat pack was warmed to 40°C ± 2°C and placed over the forearm for 15 min. Vein diameter was measured via ultrasound and skin temperature via temperature sensor at six time points: before application of the thermal stimulus and at 1-min intervals for 5 min upon removal of the thermal stimulus. The main outcomes were vein diameter, proportional change in vein diameter, and skin temperature. We calculated proportional change in vein diameter after application of the thermal stimulus using vein diameter before the thermal stimulus to represent 100%.Results:Compared with vein diameter before thermal stimulus, the diameter at each time point after thermal stimulus was significantly increased ( p < .05) as were proportional change in vein diameter ( p < .05) and skin temperature.Conclusion:A thermal stimulus of 40°C ± 2°C on the forearm dilated veins significantly for PIVC, and the effect persisted for at least 5 min.

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