scholarly journals Empathy and Emotional Contagion as a Link Between Recognized and Felt Emotions in Music Listening

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke Egermann ◽  
Stephen McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Previous studies have shown that there is a difference between recognized and induced emotion in music listening. In this study, empathy is tested as a possible moderator between recognition and induction that is, on its own, moderated via music preference evaluations and other individual and situational features. Preference was also tested to determine whether it had an effect on measures of emotion independently from emotional expression. A web-based experiment gathered from 3,164 music listeners emotion, empathy, and preference ratings in a between-subjects design embedded in a music-personality test. Stimuli were a sample of 23 musical excerpts (each 30 seconds long, five randomly assigned to each participant) from various musical styles chosen to represent different emotions and preferences. Listeners in the recognition rating condition rated measures of valence and arousal significantly differently than listeners in the felt rating condition. Empathy ratings were shown to modulate this relationship: when empathy was present, the difference between the two rating types was reduced. Furthermore, we confirmed preference as one major predictor of empathy ratings. Emotional contagion was tested and confirmed as an additional direct effect of emotional expression on induced emotions. This study is among the first to explicitly test empathy and emotional contagion during music listening, helping to explain the often-reported emotional response to music in everyday life.

scholarly journals Effect of congruence between sound and video on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-631
Author(s):  
Sebastián Calderón ◽  
Raúl Rincón ◽  
Andrés Araujo ◽  
Carlos Gantiva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Bimodal Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Most studies of emotional responses have used unimodal stimuli (e.g., pictures or sounds) or congruent bimodal stimuli (e.g., video clips with sound), but little is known about the emotional response to incongruent bimodal stimuli. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of congruence between auditory and visual bimodal stimuli on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotional dimension, valence and arousal. Subjects listened to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant sounds, accompanied by videos with and without content congruence, and heart rate was recorded. Dimensions of valence and arousal of each bimodal stimulus were then self-reported. The results showed that heart rate depends of the valence of the sounds but not of the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. The valence and arousal scores changed depending on the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. These results suggest that the congruence of bimodal stimuli affects the subjective perception of emotion.

scholarly journals Induced Empathy Moderates Emotional Responses to Expressive Qualities in Music

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492097472
Author(s):  
Katherine O’Neill ◽  
Hauke Egermann
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Experimental Group

Recent research has explored the role of empathy in the context of music listening. Here, through an empathy priming paradigm, situational empathy was shown to act as a causal mechanism in inducing emotion, although the way empathy was primed had low levels of ecological validity. We therefore conducted an online experiment to explore the extent to which information about a composer’s expressive intentions when writing a piece of music would significantly affect the degree to which participants reportedly empathise with the composer and in turn influence emotional responses to expressive music. A total of 229 participants were randomly assigned to three groups. The experimental group read short texts describing the emotions felt by the composer during the process of composition. To control for the effect of text regardless of its content, one control group read texts describing the characteristics of the music they were to hear, and a second control group was not given any textual information. Participants listened to 30-second excerpts of four pieces of music, selected to express emotions from the four quadrants of the circumplex theory of emotion. Having heard each music excerpt, participants rated the valence and arousal they experienced and completed a measure of situational empathy. Results show that situational empathy in response to music is significantly associated with trait empathy. As opposed to those in the control conditions, participants in the experimental group responded with significantly higher levels of situational empathy. Receiving this text significantly moderated the effect of the expressiveness of stimuli on induced emotion, indicating that it induced empathy. We conclude that empathy can be induced during music listening through the provision of information about the specific emotions of a person relating to the music. These findings contribute to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie emotional responses to music.

Flattening of Affect and Personal Constructs

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (530) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. McPherson ◽  
Valerie Barden ◽  
A. Joan Hay ◽  
D. W. Johnstone ◽  
A. W. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Personal Constructs ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Organic Psychoses ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Given ◽  
Affective Flattening

Affective flattening is a disorder of emotional expression, of which a good definition is ‘a gross lack of emotional response to the given situation’ (Fish, 1962). It is a clinical sign whose assessment depends upon the clinician's intepretation of the patient's facial expression, tone of voice and content of talk (Harris ' Metcalfe, 1956). Although these are subtle cues, it has been shown that experienced clinicians can assess the severity of affective flattening with a high level of inter-rater agreement (Miller et al., 1953; Harris ' Metcaife, 1956; Wing, 1961; Dixon, 1968). The disorder is usually associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, although it may occur in other conditions, such as the organic psychoses (Bullock et al., 1951).

Perceived and Induced Emotion Responses to Popular Music

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yading Song ◽  
Simon Dixon ◽  
Marcus T. Pearce ◽  
Andrea R. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Emotional Quality ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
Categorical Model ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Emotion Model ◽  
The Difference

Music both conveys and evokes emotions, and although both phenomena are widely studied, the difference between them is often neglected. The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between perceived and induced emotion for Western popular music using both categorical and dimensional models of emotion, and to examine the influence of individual listener differences on their emotion judgment. A total of 80 musical excerpts were randomly selected from an established dataset of 2,904 popular songs tagged with one of the four words “happy,” “sad,” “angry,” or “relaxed” on the Last.FM web site. Participants listened to the excerpts and rated perceived and induced emotion on the categorical model and dimensional model, and the reliability of emotion tags was evaluated according to participants’ agreement with corresponding labels. In addition, the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) was used to assess participants’ musical expertise and engagement. As expected, regardless of the emotion model used, music evokes emotions similar to the emotional quality perceived in music. Moreover, emotion tags predict music emotion judgments. However, age, gender and three factors from Gold-MSI, importance, emotion, and music training were found not to predict listeners’ responses, nor the agreement with tags.

Emotion-Related Responses to Audio News with Rising versus Falling Background Tone Sequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 85-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Kallinen ◽  
Niklas Ravaja
Keyword(s):  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Tone Sequence ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Minor Mode ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Addition Level

We examined the emotional effects of (a) a rising versus a falling chromatic tone sequence in the background of audio news and (b) foreground versus background diatonic and chromatic tone sequences. In experiment one, 26 participants rated audio news messages with rising and falling chromatic background tone sequences on the valence and arousal dimensions. Cardiac activity, electrodermal activity (EDA), and facial muscle activity were also recorded continuously. In experiment two, 24 participants rated six plain tone sequences ( i.e., rising and falling chromatic, major, and minor) and six news messages with the aforementioned tone sequences mixed in the background on the valence and arousal dimensions. In experiment 1, both self-reported arousal and physiological arousal as measured by EDA were higher during the news with a rising-tone sequence compared to those with a falling-tone sequence. In experiment 2, rising-tone sequences prompted both higher arousal and pleasantness ratings. However, the responses were moderated by the type of listening task: foreground listening prompted responses related to musical connotations ( i.e., major tone sequences were rated as most pleasant and minor as most unpleasant), whereas background listening prompted responses dependent on the emotional congruence between the news messages and tone sequences ( i.e., the minor mode versions were rated as most pleasant and the major mode versions as most unpleasant). In addition, level of education-, music listening frequency-, and age-related differences in the responses were found and are discussed.

scholarly journals The Uptake and Vaccination Willingness of COVID-19 Vaccine among Chinese Residents: Web-Based Online Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Yi Kong ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Zhisheng Liu ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Dehua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Objective: To investigate the uptake and vaccination willingness of the COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese residents and analyze the difference and factors that impact vaccination. Methods: The snowball sampling method was used to distribute online questionnaires. Relevant sociodemographic data along with the circumstances of COVID-19 vaccination were collected from the respondents. The χ2 test, independent samples t test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 786 respondents, 84.22% had been vaccinated. Over 80% of the vaccinated population have completed all the injections because of supporting the national vaccination policies of China, while the unvaccinated population (23.91%) is mainly due to personal health status. Meanwhile, statistical analysis revealed that the main predictors of not being vaccinated were younger age (3 to 18 years old), personal health status, and lower vaccinated proportion of family members and close friends (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a high level of uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in China, and people who have not been vaccinated generally had a low willingness to vaccinate in the future. Based on our results, it suggested the next work to expand the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination should be concentrated on targeted publicity and education for people who have not been vaccinated.

scholarly journals Corpus-based analysis of the collocational profiles of the terms denoting the mentally challenged

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Markelova
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
American English ◽  
Public Attitude ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Web Based ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Prosody

The present study aims to trace the evolution of public attitude towards the mentally challenged by means of the corpus-based analysis. The raw data comes from the two of the BYU corpora: Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) and Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). The former is comprised of 1.8 million web pages from 20 English-speaking countries (Davies/Fuchs 2015: 1) and provides an opportunity to research at a cross-cultural level, whereas the latter, containing 400 million words from more than 100,000 texts ranging from the 1810s to the 2000s (Davies 2012: 121), allows to carry on a diachronic research on the issue. To identify the difference in attitudes the collocational profiles of the terms denoting the mentally challenged were created. Having analysed them in terms of their semantic prosody one might conclude that there are certain semantic shifts that occurred due to the modern usage preferences and gradual change in public perception of everything strange, unusual and unique.

scholarly journals The effect of organizational member's allocentrism-idiocentrism on the emotion expression and favoritism

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-722
Author(s):  
YoungSik Kim ◽  
YongWon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Emotion Type ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

In this article, three studies were performed to investigate the differences of the tendency to regulate emotion expression in terms of the organizational member's cultural dispositions. Study 1 four hypothsises. First, allocentrics will have a higher level of emotion suppression than that of idiocentrics. Second, allocentrics will have a higher level of negative attitude towords emotion expressions than idiocentrices. third, the relation between allocentrics and emotion suppression will mediated by negative attitude to emotional expression. finally, allocentircs will be negatively evaluated than idiocentrics who shows emotional expression freely. For this study, data was collected from 196 employees by survey questionnaires. In study 1, it was found that allocentrics have a higher level of emotional suppression and negative attitude towards emotional expression than idiocentirics. The relation between allocentrics and emotional expression were mediated by negative attitude to emotional expression. But hypothesis 4 was not supported. In study 2, we experimented by including positive and negative conditions to examine the difference of emotional regulations between allocentrics and idiocentrics. The results show that allocentrics and idiocentrics do not differ in positive condition. However, in negative condition, allocentrics are more emotionally suppressed than that of idocentrics. Study 3 shows that by applying emotion type we were able to evaluate the fourth hypothesis of the first study. In socially engaged conditions, allocentrics were more favorable than idiocentrics. In socially disengaged conditions shows that allocentrics favored anger suppressing individuals over idiocentrics. Finally, implications and limitations of these results were discussed.

A Web Query System for Heterogeneous Government Data

2008 ◽  
pp. 775-789
Author(s):  
Nancy Weigand ◽  
Isabel F. Cruz ◽  
Naijun Zhou ◽  
William Sunna
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Schema Integration ◽  
Data Discovery ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Rewrite Systems ◽  
Query System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Semantically Heterogeneous ◽  
Xml Web

This paper describes a Web-based query system for semantically heterogeneous government-produced data. Geospatial Web-based information systems and portals currently are being developed by various levels of government along with the GIS community. Typically, these sites provide data discovery and download capabilities but do not include the ability to pose DBMS-type queries. One of the main problems in querying distributed government data sources is the difference in semantics used by various jurisdictions. We extend work in schema integration by focusing on resolving semantics at the value level in addition to the schema or attribute level. We illustrate our method using land use data, but the method can be used to query across other heterogeneous sets of values. Our work starts from an XML Web-based DBMS and adds functionality to accommodate heterogeneous data between jurisdictions. Our ontology and query rewrite systems use mappings to enable querying across distributed heterogeneous data.

How to put yourself in someone else’s shoes: The role of point-of-view in the interpretation of mixed messages

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Nikos Vergis
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mixed Messages ◽  
Communicative Role ◽  
The Way

AbstractDoes having a communicative role other than the speaker’s make a difference to the way pragmatic meaning is construed? Standard paradigms in interpersonal pragmatics have implicitly assumed a speaker-centric perspective over the years, however modern approaches have re-considered the role of listener evaluations. In the present study, I examine whether assuming different communicative roles (speaker, listener, observer) results in varying interpretations. A web-based experiment revealed that participants who took the perspective of different characters in short stories differed in the way they interpreted what the speaker meant. In most cases, participants in the role of the listener interpreted speaker meaning in more negative ways than participants in the other roles. The present study suggests that the directionality of the difference (negative inferences under the listener’s perspective) could be explained by taking into account affective factors.

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