Conditions for a Meaningful Health Impact Assessment for Local Stakeholders: The Example of the Arve Valley in France

This article illustrates how a health impact assessment (HIA) can be used to promote a collaborative discussion among stakeholders as part of a local action plan aimed at improving air quality. We performed a HIA of the mortality impacts of long-term exposure to fine particles PM2.5 in the Arve Valley in France. This narrow valley can experience high levels of pollution mostly during winter. However, local stakeholders expressed strong, contradictory opinions on the associated health impacts. Our HIA helped overcome existing silos and shifted the overriding question from “Is it true that air pollution kills people?” to “What can we do to improve air quality?” HIAs have proven to be an excellent decision-support tool in many contexts. In addition, they should continue to be useful provided that their scope, specific objectives, choices, calculation assumptions, and limitations are thoroughly explained to all stakeholders and made easily accessible.