scholarly journals Real-World Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Locomotives and Motorized Railcars during Scheduled Passenger Train Runs on Czech Railroads

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Michal Vojtisek-Lom ◽  
Jonáš Jirků ◽  
Martin Pechout
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Particle Sampling ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Fast Power ◽  
Particle Measurement ◽  
Sampling Systems ◽  
Electric Traction ◽  
And Storage

The paper summarizes exhaust emissions measurements on two diesel-electric locomotives and one diesel-hydraulic railcar, each tested for several days during scheduled passenger service. While real driving emissions of buses decrease with fleet turnaround and have been assessed by many studies, there are virtually no realistic emissions data on diesel rail vehicles, many of which are decades old. The engines were fitted with low-power portable online monitoring instruments, including a portable Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer, online particle measurement, and in two cases with proportional particle sampling systems, all installed in engine compartments. Due to space constraints and overhead electric traction lines, exhaust flow was computed from engine operating data. Real-world operation was characterized by relatively fast power level transitions during accelerations and interleaved periods of high load and idle, and varied considerably among service type and routes. Spikes in PM emissions during accelerations and storage of PM in the exhaust were observed. Despite all engines approaching the end of their life, the emissions per passenger-km were very low compared to automobiles. Tests were done at very low costs with no disruption of the train service, yielded realistic data, and are also applicable to diesel-hydraulic units, which cannot be tested at standstill.

scholarly journals A Two-Stage Offline-to-Online Multiobjective Optimization Strategy for Ship Integrated Energy System Economical/ Environmental Scheduling Problem

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qing An ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiaobing Mao ◽  
Yulong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Real World ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
And Storage

The economical/environmental scheduling problem (EESP) of the ship integrated energy system (SIES) has high computational complexity, which includes more than one optimization objective, various types of constraints, and frequently fluctuated load demand. Therefore, the intelligent scheduling strategies cannot be applied to the ship energy management system (SEMS) online, which has limited computing power and storage space. Aiming at realizing green computing on SEMS, in this paper a typical SIES-EESP optimization model is built, considering the form of decision vectors, the economical/environmental optimization objectives, and various types of real-world constraints of the SIES. Based on the complexity of SIES-EESPs, a two-stage offline-to-online multiobjective optimization strategy for SIES-EESP is proposed, which transfers part of the energy dispatch online computing task to the offline high-performance computer systems. The specific constraints handling methods are designed to reduce both continuous and discrete constraints violations of SIES-EESPs. Then, an establishment method of energy scheduling scheme-base is proposed. By using the big data offline, the economical/environmental scheduling solutions of a typical year can be obtained and stored with more computing resources and operation time on land. Thereafter, a short-term multiobjective offline-to-online optimization approach by SEMS is considered, with the application of multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) and typical schemes corresponding to the actual SIES-EESPs. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can obtain enough feasible Pareto solutions in a shorter time and get well-distributed Pareto sets with better convergence performance, which can well adapt to the features of real-world SIES-EESPs and save plenty of operation time and storage space for the SEMS.

Real-world exhaust emissions and fuel consumption for diesel vehicles fueled by waste cooking oil biodiesel blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianbao Shen ◽  
Jiacheng Shi ◽  
Xinyue Cao ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Vehicles

614 On-Board Measurement of Exhaust Emissions Emitted from Diesel Vehicle in Real World : Mass Assessment of PM Sampled by Using Micro Dilution Tunnel

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008.83 (0) ◽  
pp. _6-14_
Author(s):  
Norihiko FUJIKI ◽  
Takeshi INOO ◽  
Yoshimitsu WADA ◽  
Shusuke OKADA ◽  
Shigeo NAKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Diesel Vehicle

Real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles and their correlation with road conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingnan Hu ◽  
Ye Wu ◽  
Zhishi Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty

Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions from Three Diesel-Hybrid Cars and Simulation of After-Treatment Systems for Ultralow Real-World NOx Emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (23) ◽  
pp. 13151-13159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Franco ◽  
Theodora Zacharopoulou ◽  
Jan Hammer ◽  
Helge Schmidt ◽  
Peter Mock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions

scholarly journals Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from Rail Machinery during Track Maintenance Operations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Track Maintenance ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Overhead Electrical Lines

The paper presents the investigations of exhaust emissions under actual operation of two rail vehicles: a track geometry vehicle and a clearance vehicle. The environmental assessment of this type of objects is difficult due to the necessity of adapting the measurement equipment and meeting the safety requirements during the tests (particularly regarding the distance from the overhead electrical lines). The authors have proposed and developed a unique research methodology, based on which a detailed exhaust emissions analysis (CO, HC, NOx, and PM) was carried out. The complex assessment included the unit and on-track exhaust emissions. In the analyses, the authors also included the operating conditions of the powertrains of the tested machinery. The obtained environmental indexes were referred to the homologation standards, according to which the vehicles were approved for operation. Due to the nature of operation of the tested vehicles, the authors carried out a comprehensive environmental assessment in the daily and annual approach as well as in the aspect of their operation as combined vehicles, which is a novel approach to the assessment of the environmental performance of this type of objects.

A Fireworks-Based Approach for Efficient Packet Filtering in Firewall

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-333
Author(s):  
Sreelaja N. K.
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Filtering Algorithms ◽  
Packet Filtering ◽  
Incoming Packet ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Private Network ◽  
And Storage

Information protection in computers is gaining a lot of importance in real world applications. To secure the private networks of businesses and institutions, a firewall is installed in a specially designated computer separate from the rest of the network so that no incoming packet can directly get into the private network. The system monitors and blocks the requests from illegal networks. The existing methods of packet filtering algorithms suffer from drawbacks in terms of search space and storage. To overcome the drawbacks, a Fireworks-based approach of packet filtering is proposed in this chapter. Termed Fireworks-based Packet Filtering (FWPF) algorithm, the sparks generated by the fireworks makes a decision about the rule position in the firewall ruleset matching with the incoming packet. The advantage of FWPF is that it reduces the search space when compared to the existing packet filtering algorithms.

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