scholarly journals Wind Speed Profile Statistics from Acoustic Soundings at a Black Sea Coastal Site

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Damyan Barantiev ◽  
Ekaterina Batchvarova
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Quadratic Functions ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Internal Boundary ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Coastal Meteorology ◽  
Diurnal Wind

More than seven years of remote sensing data with high spatial and temporal resolution were investigated in this study. The 20-min moving averaged wind profiles form the acoustic sounding with Scintec MFAS sodar were derived every 10 min. The profiles covered from 30 to 600 m height with vertical resolution of 10 m. The wind speed probability and the Weibull distribution parameters were calculated by the maximum likelihood method at each level and then the profiles of the Weibull scale and shape parameters were analyzed. Diurnal wind speed at heights above 200 m has shown a well-expressed increase in the averaged values during the night hours, while during the day lower wind speeds were observed. The reversal height was explored from spatially and temporally homogenized diurnal wind speed data with applied quadratic functions for better interpretation of the results. In addition, analyses by type of air masses (land or sea air mass) were performed. One of the outcomes of the study was assessment of the internal boundary layer height, which was estimated to 50–80 m at the location of the sodar. The obtained information forms the basis for climatological insights on the vertical structure of the coastal boundary layer and is unique long-term data set important not only for Bulgaria but for coastal meteorology in general.

A study of wind speed modification and internal boundary-layer heights in a coastal region

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bergström ◽  
Per-Erik Johansson ◽  
Ann-Sofi Smedman
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Internal Boundary Layer ◽  
Internal Boundary

Exchange coefficients derived from GPS-sonde and SFMR measurements in hurricane conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ermakova ◽  
Nikita Rusakov ◽  
Evgeny Poplavsky ◽  
Yuliya Troitskaya ◽  
Daniil Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Heat And Moisture

<p>Insufficient knowledge of the atmosphere layer momentum, heat and moisture transfer between the wavy water surface and marine atmospheric boundary layer under hurricane conditions lead to the uncertainties while using weather forecasting models and models of climate. In particular, there is a significant lack of data for heat and moisture exchange coefficients. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze and process the vertical profiles of wind speed and thermodynamic quantities. The present study is concerned with the analysis and processing of measurements from the NOAA falling GPS-sondes for hurricanes of categories 4 and 5 of 2003-2017, which represent an array of data on wind speed, temperature, altitude, coordinates, etc.</p><p>The proposed approach for describing a turbulent boundary layer formed in hurricane conditions is based on the use of the self-similarity properties of the velocity and enthalpy profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer, which includes a layer of constant flows, transferring into its “wake” part with height. Based on the proposed approach, the aerodynamic drag coefficients Cd and the enthalpy exchange coefficient Ck for a selected group of hurricanes were restored. As the value of Ck/Cd represents a determining factor in the formation of a hurricane, the dependence of this ratio on the wind speed was constructed.</p><p>This work was supported by the RFBR projects No 19-05-00249, 19-05-00366, 18-35-20068 (remote sensing data analysis) and RSF No 19-17-00209 (GPS-sonde data assimilation and processing).</p>

The Influence of Thermal Effects on the Wind Speed Profile of the Coastal Marine Boundary Layer

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Lange ◽  
Søren Larsen ◽  
Jørgen Højstrup ◽  
Rebecca Barthelmie
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Coastal Marine

scholarly journals Evaluation of retrieval methods for planetary boundary layer height based on radiosonde data

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 5977-5986
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Boming Liu ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Shikuan Jin ◽  
Yingying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Gradient Method ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Neutral Boundary Layer

Abstract. Radiosonde (RS) is widely used to detect the vertical structures of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and numerous methods have been proposed for retrieving PBL height (PBLH) from RS data. However, an algorithm that is suitable under all atmospheric conditions does not exist. This study evaluates the performance of four common PBLH algorithms under different thermodynamic stability conditions based on RS data collected from nine sites in January–December 2019. The four RS algorithms are the potential temperature gradient method (GMθ), relative humidity (RH) gradient method (GMRH), parcel method (PM) and Richardson number method (RM). Atmospheric conditions are divided into convective boundary layer (CBL), neutral boundary layer (NBL) and stable boundary layer (SBL) on the basis of the potential temperature profile. Results indicate that SBL is dominant at nighttime, whilst CBL dominates at daytime. Under all and SBL classifications, PBLH retrieved by RM is typically higher than those retrieved using the other methods. On the contrary, the PBLH result retrieved by PM is the lowest. Under CBL and NBL classifications, PBLH retrieved by PM is the highest. PBLH retrieved by GMθ and GMRH is relatively low under all classifications. Moreover, the uncertainty analysis shows that the consistency of PBLH retrieved by different algorithms is more than 80 % under CBL and NBL classifications. By contrast, the consistency of PBLH is less than 60 % under SBL classification. The average profiles and standard deviations of wind speed and potential temperature under consistent and inconsistent conditions are also investigated. The results indicate that consistent cases are typically accompanied by evident atmospheric stratification, such as a large gradient in the potential temperature profile or a low-level jet in the wind speed profile. These results indicate that the reliability of the PBLH results retrieved from RS data is affected by the structure of the boundary layer. Overall, GMθ and RM are appropriate for CBL condition. GMθ and PM are recommended for NBL condition. GMθ and GMRH are robust for SBL condition. This comprehensive comparison provides a reference for selecting the appropriate algorithm when retrieving PBLH from RS data.

On the use of cross-polarized SAR and GPS-sonde measurements for wind speed retrieval in tropical cyclones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Poplavsky ◽  
Nikita Rusakov ◽  
Olga Ermakova ◽  
Yuliya Troitskaya ◽  
Daniil Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
High Level

<p>The current investigation is concerned with the study of the dependence of the scattered cross-polarized microwave signal from the Sentinel-1 satellite on the parameters of the marine atmospheric boundary layer based on data obtained from falling NOAA GPS-sondes under tropical cyclone conditions.<br>Field measurements and remote sensing data for hurricanes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were analyzed for the period 2016 - 2018. Based on the analysis of data measured by GPS-sondes, averaged wind speed profiles were obtained, while the parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer (drag coefficient and wind friction velocity) were retrieved using the self-similarity property of velocity profiles from measurements in the “wake” part.<br>Sentinel-1 SAR images were used as remote sensing data. Images with cross polarization have a high level of thermal noise (NESZ), which leads to errors when retrieving the NRCS. In this regard, preliminary image processing was performed in the SNAP application.<br>Using the obtained parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer, the data of GRS-sonde measurements and Sentinel-1 SAR images on cross polarization were collocated and the dependences of the NRCS on the parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer were obtained.</p><div>This work was supported by the RFBR projects No. 19-05-00249, 19-05-00366, 18-35-20068 (remote sensing data analysis) and RSF No. 19-17-00209 (GPS-sondes data assimilation and processing).</div>

scholarly journals Evaluation of retrieval methods for planetary boundary layer height based on radiosonde data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Boming Liu ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Shikuan Jin ◽  
Yingying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Gradient Method ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Neutral Boundary Layer

Abstract. Radiosonde (RS) is widely used to detect the vertical structures of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and numerous methods have been proposed for retrieving PBL height (PBLH) from RS data. However, an algorithm that is suitable under all atmospheric conditions does not exist. This study evaluates the performance of four common PBLH algorithms under different thermodynamic stability conditions based on RS data collected from nine sites in January–December 2019. The four RS algorithms are the potential temperature gradient method (GMθ), relative humidity (RH) gradient method (GMRH), parcel method (PM) and Richardson number method (RM). Atmospheric conditions are divided into convective boundary layer (CBL), neutral boundary layer (NBL) and stable boundary layer (SBL) on the basis of the potential temperature profile. Results indicate that SBL is dominant at nighttime, whilst CBL dominates at daytime. Intercomparisons show that PBLH retrieved via RM is typically higher than those retrieved using the other methods under all and SBL conditions. PBLH retrieved using GMθ and GMRH is relatively low. PBLH from PM is the lowest under all and SBL classifications, and the highest under CBL and NBL classifications. Moreover, the uncertainty analysis shows that PBLH retrieved using different algorithms is consistent in most cases (more than 80 %) under CBL and NBL conditions. By contrast, the consistency of PBLH is less than 60 % under SBL condition. The average profiles and standard deviations of wind speed and potential temperature under consistent and inconsistent conditions indicate that consistent cases are typically accompanied by evident atmospheric stratification, such as a large gradient in the potential temperature profile or a low-level jet in the wind speed profile. These findings indicate that the reliability of the PBLH results retrieved from RS data is affected by the structure of the boundary layer. Overall, GMθ and RM are appropriate for CBL condition. GMθ and PM are recommended for NBL condition. GMθ and GMRH are robust for SBL condition. This comprehensive comparison provides a reference for selecting the appropriate algorithm when retrieving PBLH from RS data.

A probabilistic-based analysis for wind distribution determination of a runway

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
Ahmet Esat Suzer ◽  
Aziz Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wind Distribution ◽  
Two Parameter

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe precisely the wind speed regime and characteristics of a runway of an International Airport, the north-western part of Turkey. Design methodology approach Three different probability distributions, namely, Inverse Gaussian (IG), widely used two-parameter Weibull and Rayleigh distributions in the literature, are used to represent wind regime and characteristics of the runway. The parameters of each distribution are estimated by the pattern search (PS)-based heuristic algorithm. The results are compared with the other three methods-based numerical computation, including maximum-likelihood method, moment method (MoM) and power density method, respectively. To evaluate the fitting performance of the proposed method, several statistical goodness tests including the mostly used root mean square error (RMSE) and chi-squared (X2) are conducted. Findings In the light of the statistical goodness tests, the results of the IG-based PS attain better performance than the classical Weibull and Rayleigh functions. Both the RMSE and X2 values achieved by the IG-based PS method lower than that of Weibull and Rayleigh distributions. It exhibits a better fitting performance with 0.0074 for RMSE and 0.58 × 10−4 for X2 for probability density function (PDF) in 2012 and with RMSE of 0.0084 and X2 of 0.74 × 10−4 for PDF in 2013. As regard the cumulative density function of the measured wind data, the best results are found to be Weibull-based PS with RMSE of 0.0175 and X2 of 3.25 × 10−4 in 2012. However, Weibull-based MoM shows more excellent ability in 2013, with RMSE of 0.0166 and X2 of 2.94 × 10−4. Consequently, it is considered that the results of this study confirm that IG-based PS with the lowest error value can a good choice to model more accurately and characterize the wind speed profile of the airport. Practical implications This paper presents a realistic point of view regarding the wind regime and characteristics of an airport. This study may cast the light on researchers, policymakers, policy analysts and airport designers intending to investigate the wind profile of a runway at the airport in the world and also provide a significant pathway on how to determine the wind distribution of the runway. Originality value Instead of the well-known Weibull distribution for the representing of wind distribution in the literature, in this paper, IG distribution is used. Furthermore, the suitability of IG to represent the wind distribution is validated when compared with two-parameter Weibull and Rayleigh distributions. Besides, the performance and efficiency of PS have been evaluated by comparing it with other methods.

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