scholarly journals Wind Speed Analysis of Hurricane Sandy

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez ◽  
Isidro A. Pérez ◽  
María Luisa Sánchez ◽  
María de los Ángeles García ◽  
Nuria Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Scale Parameter ◽  
Laplace Distribution ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Atmospheric Stratification ◽  
Recirculation Factor

The database of the HWind project sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for hurricanes between 1994 and 2013 is analysed. This is the first objective of the current research. Among these hurricanes, Hurricane Sandy was selected for a detailed study due to the number of files available and its social relevance, with this being the second objective of this study. Robust wind speed statistics showed a sharp increase in wind speed, around 6 m s−1 at the initial stage as Category 1, and a linear progression of its interquartile range, which increased at a rate of 0.54 m s−1 per day. Wind speed distributions were initially right-skewed. However, they evolved to nearly symmetrical or even left-skewed distributions. Robust kurtosis was similar to that of the Gaussian distribution. Due to the noticeable fraction of wind speed intermediate values, the Laplace distribution was used, its scale parameter increasing slightly during the hurricane’s lifecycle. The key features of the current study were the surface and recirculation factor calculation. The surface area with a category equal to, or higher than, a tropical storm was calculated and assumed to be circular. Its radius increased linearly up to 600 km. Finally, parcel trajectories were spirals in the lower atmosphere but loops in the mid-troposphere due to wind translation and rotation. The recirculation factor varied, reaching values close to 0.9 and revealing atmospheric stratification.

scholarly journals Wind Estimation in the Lower Atmosphere Using Multirotor Aircraft

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross T. Palomaki ◽  
Nathan T. Rose ◽  
Michael van den Bossche ◽  
Thomas J. Sherman ◽  
Stephan F. J. De Wekker
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Atmospheric Structure ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Sonic Anemometers ◽  
Vertical Profiling ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used to study atmospheric structure and dynamics. While much emphasis has been on the development of fixed-wing unmanned aircraft for atmospheric investigations, the use of multirotor aircraft is relatively unexplored, especially for capturing atmospheric winds. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the efficacy of estimating wind speed and direction with 1) a direct approach using a sonic anemometer mounted on top of a hexacopter and 2) an indirect approach using attitude data from a quadcopter. The data are collected by the multirotor aircraft hovering 10 m above ground adjacent to one or more sonic anemometers. Wind speed and direction show good agreement with sonic anemometer measurements in the initial experiments. Typical errors in wind speed and direction are smaller than 0.5 and 30°, respectively. Multirotor aircraft provide a promising alternative to traditional platforms for vertical profiling in the atmospheric boundary layer, especially in conditions where a tethered balloon system is typically deployed.

Modelling the Effects of a Vegetation Barrier on Road Dust Dispersion

2016 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Šíp ◽  
Luděk Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Stratification ◽  
Dust Dispersion ◽  
Speed Effect ◽  
Porous Obstacle

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a well known risk to human health. Vehicular traffic is one of the major sources of particulates in an urban setting.We study a problem of road dust dispersion. Using CFD solver based on RANS equations, we investigate the effect of a vegetation barrier on the concentration of airborne PM induced by road traffic. Simplified 2D model of a porous obstacle adjacent to a road source of two classes of particles serves as an idealization of a real-world situation.Filtering efficiency of the barrier is investigated under varying atmospheric conditions. Our model indicate that the efficiency decreases for increasing wind speed. Effect of atmospheric stratification on~the~air quality behind the barrier is shown to be highly dependent on the wind speed.

scholarly journals First Results of Experimental Tests of the Newly Developed NARL Phased-Array Doppler Sodar

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Anandan ◽  
M. Shravan Kumar ◽  
I. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Microwave Electronics ◽  
Doppler Sodar ◽  
First Results

Abstract A multifrequency phased-array Doppler sodar system has been installed recently at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) for the continuous observation of the lower atmosphere from near ground to the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The NARL sodar, developed in technical collaboration with the Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER), was built using piezoceramic tweeters, which are capable of generating 100-W acoustic power. In favorable atmospheric conditions, the sodar gives wind profiles up to 1 km. The performance evaluation is one of the most important aspects for quality assurance of sodar operations. This paper presents the first results of experimental observations of the NARL sodar system and its scientific validation. The NARL sodar has been validated using the simultaneous observation of another sodar system (Scintec model MFAS64). Various physical parameters of the atmosphere are derived using the results obtained from both of the systems. Comparison of simultaneous measurements by both of the sodars, located about 100 m apart, shows good agreement on wind speed, wind direction, and vertical wind variance. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.80 in wind speed and direction between the sodars shows the usefulness of the system for observing the atmosphere and deriving physical parameters below the ABL.

Statistical analysis of wind speed and wind power potential of Port Elizabeth using Weibull parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope R Ayodele ◽  
Adisa A. Jimoh ◽  
Josiah L. Munda ◽  
John T. Agee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
South African ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Scale Parameter ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Weibull Parameters ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Port Elizabeth ◽  
Power Project

This paper analyses wind speed characteristics and wind power potential of Port Elizabeth using statistical Weibull parameters. A measured 5–minute time series average wind speed over a period of 5 years (2005 - 2009) was obtained from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). The results show that the shape parameter (k) ranges from 1.319 in April 2006 to 2.107 in November 2009, while the scale parameter (c) varies from 3.983m/s in May 2008 to 7.390 in November 2009.The average wind power density is highest during Spring (September–October), 256.505W/m2 and lowest during Autumn (April-May), 152.381W/m2. This paper is relevant to a decision-making process on significant investment in a wind power project.

scholarly journals Calibration of reflected GPS for tropical storm wind speed retrievals

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Katzberg ◽  
Omar Torres ◽  
George Ganoe
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Tropical Storm

scholarly journals The aerodynamic drag of the earth’s surface and the value of von Karman’s constant in the lower atmosphere

1947 ◽  
Vol 188 (1013) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Horizontal Plate ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Stratification ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Good Agreement

The drag which the earth’s surface exerts on the wind has been measured directly by observing the deflexion of a horizontal plate, floating in oil and under torsional control, and forming part of the earth’s surface. Simultaneous measurements of the velocity profile above the surface have enabled von Karman’s constant for the lower atmosphere to be deduced. The value obtained under moderately unstable atmospheric stratification is 0.46, which is considered to be in good agreement with Nikuradse’s value of 0.40, obtained from the flow of water through pipes under isothermal conditions. Evidence is also adduced for a considerable variation of von Karman’s constant with atmospheric stability. The observations of drag and velocity profile have also been used to determine the variation of mixing length with height. In unstable conditions the mixing length increases more rapidly than the height, while in stable conditions the increase is likely to be less rapid than the height.

CO2 dilution in the lower atmosphere from temperature and wind speed profiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro A. Pérez ◽  
M. Luisa Sánchez ◽  
M. Ángeles García
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Lower Atmosphere

scholarly journals Modeling study of PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollutant transport across cities in China's Jing–Jin–Ji region during a severe haze episode in December 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 5803-5814 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jiang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
T. Zhao ◽  
T. Li ◽  
H. Che
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Southerly Wind ◽  
Beijing Area ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Neighbouring Region ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
The City

Abstract. To study the influence of particulate matter (PM) transported from surrounding regions on the high PM2.5 pollution levels in Beijing, the GRAPES-CUACE model was used to simulate a serious haze episode that occurred on 6–7~December 2013. The results demonstrate the model's suitability for describing haze episodes throughout China, especially in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing–Jin–Ji) region. A very close positive correlation was found between the southerly wind speed over the plain to the south of Beijing and changes in PM2.5 in Beijing, both reaching maximum values at about 900 hPa, suggesting that the lower atmosphere was the principal layer for pollutant PM transport from its southern neighbouring region to Beijing. During haze episodes, and dependent upon the period, Beijing was either a pollution source or sink for its surrounding area. PM input from Beijing's environs was much higher than the output from the city, resulting in the most serious pollution episode, with the highest PM2.5 values occurring from 00:00 to 10:00 UTC (08:00 to 18:00 LT), 7 December 2013. PM pollutants from the environs of the city accounted for over 50 % of the maximum PM2.5 values reached in Beijing. At other times, the Beijing area was a net contributor to pollution in its environs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document