scholarly journals Enhanced Symbiotic Characteristics in Bacterial Genomes with the Disruption of rRNA Operon

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Hyeonju Ahn ◽  
Donghyeok Seol ◽  
Seoae Cho ◽  
Heebal Kim ◽  
Woori Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Rrna Operon ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Low Dynamic Range ◽  
Growth And Reproduction ◽  
Adenine Thymine

Ribosomal RNA is an indispensable molecule in living organisms that plays an essential role in protein synthesis. Especially in bacteria, 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs are usually co-transcribed as operons. Despite the positive effects of rRNA co-transcription on growth and reproduction rate, a recent study revealed that bacteria with unlinked rRNA operons are more widespread than expected. However, it is still unclear why the rRNA operon is broken. Here, we explored rRNA operon linkage status in 15,898 bacterial genomes and investigated whether they have common features or lifestyles; 574 genomes were found to have unlinked rRNA operons and tended to be phylogenetically conserved. Most of them were symbionts and showed enhanced symbiotic genomic features such as reduced genome size and high adenine–thymine (AT) content. In an eggNOG-mapper analysis, they were also found to have significantly fewer genes than rRNA operon-linked bacteria in the “transcription” and “energy production and conversion in metabolism” categories. These genomes also tend to decrease RNases related to the synthesis of ribosomes and tRNA processing. Based on these results, the disruption of the rRNA operon seems to be one of the tendencies associated with the characteristics of bacteria requiring a low dynamic range.

Depth Estimation for HDR Images

2012 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
S. Manikandan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Block Matching ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Block Matching Algorithm ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Low Dynamic Range

In this chapter, depth estimation for stereo pair of High Dynamic Range (HDR) images is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two major techniques namely conversion of HDR images to Low Dynamic Range (LDR) images or Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) images and estimating the depth from the converted LDR / SDR stereo images. Local based tone mapping technique is used for the conversion of the HDR images to SDR images. And the depth estimation is done based on the corner features of the stereo pair images and block matching algorithm. Computationally much less expensive cost functions Mean Square Error (MSE) or Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) can be used for block matching algorithms. The proposed algorithm is explained with illustrations and results.

A Contribution Algorithm from LDRI to HDRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 2059025
Author(s):  
Junsong Luo ◽  
Shi Qiu ◽  
Yizhang Jiang ◽  
Keyang Cheng ◽  
Huping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Image Sequences ◽  
Range Image ◽  
High Dynamic Range Image ◽  
Dynamic Image ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Low Dynamic Range ◽  
First Time

High dynamic range image (HDRI) which is combined with low dynamic range image (LDRI) needs to be mapped to a low dynamic area to display. In the process of mapping, it is impossible to determine the contribution of low dynamic image sequences in the display images, so that it results in a problem that the low dynamic images cannot be accurately selected. In this paper, for the first time, a contribution algorithm from LDRI to HDRI according to the corresponding response curve of the camera is proposed.

scholarly journals Extending and Matching a High Dynamic Range Image from a Single Image

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3950
Author(s):  
Van Luan Tran ◽  
Huei-Yung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Range Image ◽  
High Dynamic Range Image ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Imaging Algorithms ◽  
Low Dynamic Range

Extending the dynamic range can present much richer contrasts and physical information from the traditional low dynamic range (LDR) images. To tackle this, we propose a method to generate a high dynamic range image from a single LDR image. In addition, a technique for the matching between the histogram of a high dynamic range (HDR) image and the original image is introduced. To evaluate the results, we utilize the dynamic range for independent image quality assessment. It recognizes the difference in subtle brightness, which is a significant role in the assessment of novel lighting, rendering, and imaging algorithms. The results show that the picture quality is improved, and the contrast is adjusted. The performance comparison with other methods is carried out using the predicted visibility (HDR-VDP-2). Compared to the results obtained from other techniques, our extended HDR images can present a wider dynamic range with a large difference between light and dark areas.

scholarly journals Autophagy contributes to the feeding, reproduction, and mobility of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at low temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Xiaoqin Wu ◽  
Yaqi Feng ◽  
Lin Rui
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Autophagic Activity ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the pathogen causing pine wilt disease (PWD), which is a devastating forest disease. At present, little is known about the defense mechanisms of the PWN, which limits PWD control. Although autophagy plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of eukaryotes, its significance in the PWN remains unknown. In this study, we prepared an anti-BxATG8 polyclonal antibody and identified two PWN autophagy marker proteins: BxATG8-I and BxATG8-II. By western blot analysis, we found that the ratio of BxATG8-II to BxATG8-I, which represents autophagic activity, was decreased significantly when samples were treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. As such, we were able to successfully detect and quantify autophagic activity in the PWN. Thereafter, we investigated the effects of low and high temperatures on PWN growth and reproduction. The results revealed that feeding rate, reproduction rate, and mobility decreased at 15°C and increased at 35°C. By contrast, autophagic activity was high at 15°C and low at 35°C, suggesting that the PWN regulates autophagic activity in response to changes in temperature to maintain physiological homeostasis. When autophagy was inhibited at 15°C, feeding rate, reproductive rate, and mobility declined further, indicating that autophagy is crucial for PWN growth and reproduction at low temperature. These results indicate that autophagy in the PWN is an important response mechanism to temperature changes.

scholarly journals Blind Tone-Mapped Image Quality Assessment Based on Regional Sparse Response and Aesthetics

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Zhouyan He ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Fen Chen ◽  
Zongju Peng ◽  
Haiyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Quality Assessment Method ◽  
Scene Information ◽  
Detail Loss ◽  
Low Dynamic Range

High dynamic range (HDR) images give a strong disposition to capture all parts of natural scene information due to their wider brightness range than traditional low dynamic range (LDR) images. However, to visualize HDR images on common LDR displays, tone mapping operations (TMOs) are extra required, which inevitably lead to visual quality degradation, especially in the bright and dark regions. To evaluate the performance of different TMOs accurately, this paper proposes a blind tone-mapped image quality assessment method based on regional sparse response and aesthetics (RSRA-BTMI) by considering the influences of detail information and color on the human visual system. Specifically, for the detail loss in a tone-mapped image (TMI), multi-dictionaries are first designed for different brightness regions and whole TMI. Then regional sparse atoms aggregated by local entropy and global reconstruction residuals are presented to characterize the regional and global detail distortion in TMI, respectively. Besides, a few efficient aesthetic features are extracted to measure the color unnaturalness of TMI. Finally, all extracted features are linked with relevant subjective scores to conduct quality regression via random forest. Experimental results on the ESPL-LIVE HDR database demonstrate that the proposed RSRA-BTMI method is superior to the existing state-of-the-art blind TMI quality assessment methods.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art VLBI imaging: 3C345

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Ann E. Wehrle ◽  
Stephen C. Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Noise ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Instrumental Effects ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Low Dynamic Range ◽  
Very High

AbstractMost VLBI images have low dynamic range because they are limited by instrumental effects such as calibration errors and poor u, v-coverage. We outline the method used to make a new image of the bright quasar 3C345 which has very high dynamic range (peak-to-noise of 5000:1) and which is limited by the thermal noise, not instrumental errors. Both the Caltech VLBI package and the NRAO AIPS package were required to manipulate the data.

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