scholarly journals A Variable Height Microfluidic Device for Multiplexed Immunoassay Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alyse D. Krausz ◽  
Frederick K. Korley ◽  
Mark A. Burns

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, partially due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic methods and efficacious therapies. Panels of protein biomarkers have been proposed as a way of diagnosing and monitoring TBI. To measure multiple TBI biomarkers simultaneously, we present a variable height microfluidic device consisting of a single channel that varies in height between the inlet and outlet and can passively multiplex bead-based immunoassays by trapping assay beads at the point where their diameter matches the channel height. We developed bead-based quantum dot-linked immunosorbent assays (QLISAs) for interleukin-6 (IL-6), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) using DynabeadsTM M-450, M-270, and MyOneTM, respectively. The IL-6 and GFAP QLISAs were successfully multiplexed using a variable height channel that ranged in height from ~7.6 µm at the inlet to ~2.1 µm at the outlet. The IL-6, GFAP, and IL-8 QLISAs were also multiplexed using a channel that ranged in height from ~6.3 µm at the inlet to ~0.9 µm at the outlet. Our system can keep pace with TBI biomarker discovery and validation, as additional protein biomarkers can be multiplexed simply by adding in antibody-conjugated beads of different diameters.

Biofeedback ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Lynda Thompson ◽  
Andrea Reid-Chung ◽  
James Thompson

Impairments that may result from a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion can be both severe and long-lasting. This article will list some of the common persisting symptoms that may occur and give a brief description of the neuropathological processes that can be triggered by TBI, including diffuse axonal injury and its effects on the mitochondrial Kreb's cycle and the production of adenosine triphosphate, the brain's source of energy. This is followed by a summary of a comprehensive assessment process that includes quantitative electroencephalography, evoked potentials, heart rate variability (HRV) measures, neuropsychological testing, and blood and urine analysis. Details concerning a neurophysiological approach to effective treatment are given. These include conventional single-channel neurofeedback (NFB), also called brain-computer interface training, low-resolution electromagnetic tomography z-score neurofeedback, HRV training, and counseling on diet, sleep, and exercise. The authors expand the discussion on their treatment approach to include a neuroanatomical explanation of why the practitioner should consider combining the NFB training with HRV training.


2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Russell Huie ◽  
Ramon Diaz-Arrastia ◽  
John K. Yue ◽  
Marco D. Sorani ◽  
Ava M. Puccio ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yiing Chiing Yap ◽  
Tracey C. Dickson ◽  
Anna E. King ◽  
Michael C. Breadmore ◽  
Rosanne M. Guijt

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wadas ◽  
Mackenzie Tweardy ◽  
Nikhil Bajaj ◽  
Allison K. Murray ◽  
George T.-C. Chiu ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (18) ◽  
pp. 2308-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Poovindran Anada ◽  
Kum Thong Wong ◽  
Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan ◽  
Onn Haji Hashim ◽  
Dharmendra Ganesan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 205970021988619
Author(s):  
David Davies ◽  
Kamal M Yakoub ◽  
Ugo Scarpa ◽  
Connor Bentley ◽  
Michael Grey ◽  
...  

Establishing a diagnosis of concussion within the context of competitive sport is frequently difficult due to the heterogeneity of presentation. Over the years, many endogenous proteins, including the recent Food and Drug Administration approved for mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury, glial fibrillary acid protein and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase, have been studied as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. Recently, a new class of potential biomarkers, the microRNAs, has shown promise as indicators of traumatic brain injury. In this pilot study, we have analysed the ability of pre-validated serum microRNAs (mi-425-5p and miR-502) to diagnose concussion, in cases without structural pathology. Their performance has been assessed alongside a set of identified protein biomarkers for traumatic brain injury in cohort of 41 concussed athletes. Athletes with a confirmed concussion underwent blood sampling after 48 h from concussion along with magnetic resonance imaging. Serum mi-425-5p and miR-502 were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and digital immunoassay was used to determine serum concentrations of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase, glial fibrillary acid protein, neurofilament light and Tau. Results were matched with 15 healthy volunteers. No structural/haemorrhagic pathology was identified. Protein biomarkers demonstrated variability among groups reflecting previous performance in the literature. Neurofilament light was the only marker to positively correlate with symptoms reported and SCAT5 scores. Despite the sub optimal timing of sampling beyond the optimal window for many of the protein biomarkers measured, miR-502 was significantly downregulated at all time points within a week form concussion ictus, showing a diagnostic sensitivity in cases beyond 48 h and without structural pathology.


2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 6112-6128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Manek ◽  
Ahmed Moghieb ◽  
Zhihui Yang ◽  
Dhwani Kumar ◽  
Firas Kobessiy ◽  
...  

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