Managing Traumatic Brain Injury: Appropriate Assessment and a Rationale for Using Neurofeedback and Biofeedback to Enhance Recovery in Postconcussion Syndrome

Biofeedback ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Lynda Thompson ◽  
Andrea Reid-Chung ◽  
James Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Postconcussion Syndrome ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
The Common

Impairments that may result from a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion can be both severe and long-lasting. This article will list some of the common persisting symptoms that may occur and give a brief description of the neuropathological processes that can be triggered by TBI, including diffuse axonal injury and its effects on the mitochondrial Kreb's cycle and the production of adenosine triphosphate, the brain's source of energy. This is followed by a summary of a comprehensive assessment process that includes quantitative electroencephalography, evoked potentials, heart rate variability (HRV) measures, neuropsychological testing, and blood and urine analysis. Details concerning a neurophysiological approach to effective treatment are given. These include conventional single-channel neurofeedback (NFB), also called brain-computer interface training, low-resolution electromagnetic tomography z-score neurofeedback, HRV training, and counseling on diet, sleep, and exercise. The authors expand the discussion on their treatment approach to include a neuroanatomical explanation of why the practitioner should consider combining the NFB training with HRV training.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH A CONSEQUENCE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Istatillo Shodjalilov ◽  
◽  
Saoda Igamova ◽  
Aziza Djurabekova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes ◽  
The Relationship

The incidence of cognitive impairment in TBI is high, depending on the severity. At the same time, psychopathological symptoms in the form of asthenia, increased anxiety and depression are encountered among patients with TBI. The work studied the relationship between cognitive and psychopathological symptoms in patients with TBI using neuropsychological testing on scales.

scholarly journals Age, Sex and Cerebral Microbleed Effects On White Matter Degradation After Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
Andrei Irimia ◽  
Ammar Dharani ◽  
Van Ngo ◽  
David Robles ◽  
Kenneth Rostowsky
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cerebral Microbleed

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects white matter (WM) integrity and accelerates neurodegeneration. This study assesses the effects of age, sex, and cerebral microbleed (CMB) load as predictors of WM integrity in 70 subjects aged 18-77 imaged acutely and ~6 months after mTBI using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Two-tensor unscented Kalman tractography was used to segment and cluster 73 WM structures and to map changes in their mean fractional anisotropy (FA), a surrogate measure of WM integrity. Dimensionality reduction of mean FA feature vectors was implemented using principal component (PC) analysis, and two prominent PCs were used as responses in a multivariate analysis of covariance. Acutely and chronically, older age was significantly associated with lower FA (F2,65 = 8.7, p < .001, η2 = 0.2; F2,65 = 12.3, p < .001, η2 = 0.3, respectively), notably in the corpus callosum and in dorsolateral temporal structures, confirming older adults’ WM vulnerability to mTBI. Chronically, sex was associated with mean FA (F2,65 = 5.0, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.1), indicating males’ greater susceptibility to WM degradation. Acutely, a significant association was observed between CMB load and mean FA (F2,65 = 5.1, p = 0.009, η2 = 0.1), suggesting that CMBs reflect the acute severity of diffuse axonal injury. Together, these findings indicate that older age, male sex, and CMB load are risk factors for WM degeneration. Future research should examine how sex- and age-mediated WM degradation lead to cognitive decline and connectome degeneration after mTBI.

scholarly journals TBI surveillance using the common data elements for traumatic brain injury: a population study

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Ganti Stead ◽  
◽  
Aakash N Bodhit ◽  
Pratik Shashikant Patel ◽  
Yasamin Daneshvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Common Data Elements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Data Elements

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury Caused by Motor Vehicle Collision and Alcoholism in Piauí

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Benjamim Vale ◽  
Juçara Castro ◽  
Marx Araújo ◽  
Herb Morais ◽  
Lívio Macêdo
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collision ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Vehicle Collision

Objectives To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), determining these indices, checking acquired comorbidities and characterizing the patients by gender, age and race/color, as well as describing the characteristics of the motor vehicle collision (vehicle, period of the day, day of the week and site) in people admitted to an emergency hospital in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods We have analyzed the data contained in the medical records of patients admitted with a history of motor vehicle collision and severe TBI in intensive care units, based on the forms provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU, in the Portuguese acronym) in the period between February 28 and November 28, 2013. Results In the period covered by the present study, 200 individuals were analyzed, and 54 (27%) had consumed alcohol; of these 11 had DAI. Of the total sample, 17% (34) presented DAI, however, with unknown data regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Conclusion Considering the data, we observed that the profile of the head trauma patients are brown men, mostly (53.5%) aged between 15 and 30 years. The collisions occurred mostly on weekends and at night (55%), and 89.5% of the crashes involved motorcycles.

scholarly journals Clinical application of magnetic resonance in acute traumatic brain injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionei F. Morais ◽  
Antonio R. Spotti ◽  
Waldir A. Tognola ◽  
Felipe F.P. Gaia ◽  
Almir F. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI): to identify the type, quantity, severity; and improvement clinical-radiological correlation. METHOD: Assessment of 55 patients who were imaged using CT and MRI, 34 (61.8%) males and 21 (38.2%) females, with acute (0 to 5 days) and closed TBI. RESULTS: Statistical significant differences (McNemar test): ocurred fractures were detected by CT in 29.1% and by MRI in 3.6% of the patients; subdural hematoma by CT in 10.9% and MRI in 36.4 %; diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by CT in 1.8% and MRI in 50.9%; cortical contusions by CT in 9.1% and MRI in 41.8%; subarachnoid hemorrhage by CT in 18.2% and MRI in 41.8%. CONCLUSION: MRI was superior to the CT in the identification of DAI, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cortical contusions, and acute subdural hematoma; however it was inferior in diagnosing fractures. The detection of DAI was associated with the severity of acute TBI.

The Use of a Cellular Strain Injury Criterion and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in a Computational Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika M. Wright ◽  
K. T. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

With the increase in the number of soldiers sustaining traumatic brain injury from military incidents and the recent attention on sports related traumatic brain injury, there has been a focused effort to develop preventative and treatment methods for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traumatic brain injury is caused by mechanical loading to the head, such as from impacts, sudden accelerations, or blast loading, and the pathology can range from focal damage in the brain to widespread diffuse injury [1]. In this study, we investigate the injury mechanisms of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), which accounts for the second largest percentage of deaths due to brain trauma [2]. DAI is caused by sudden inertial loads to the head, and it is characterized by damage to neural axons. Despite the extensive research on DAI, the coupling between the mechanical loading to the head and the damage at the cellular level is still poorly understood. Unlike previous computational models that use macroscopic stress and strain measures to determine injury, a cellular injury criterion is used in this work as numerous studies have shown that cellular strain can be related to the functional damage of neurons. The effectiveness of using this cellular injury criterion to predict damage in a finite element model of DAI is investigated.

Temporal Lobe Syndromes

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
Arpit Parmar ◽  
G. S. Kaloiya ◽  
Harsimarpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Common

Temporal lobes are one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex and perform a complex array of interrelated functions. They play an important role in various day-to-day functioning. The common pathologies leading to isolated temporal lobe dysfunction are infarction (of the middle cerebral artery), hemorrhage, seizures, tumors, encephalitis, and traumatic brain injury. Temporal lobe syndromes include a wide array of various neurological (Kluver-Bucy syndrome, Geschwind Gastaut syndrome, etc.), elementary (e.g., vertiginous syndromes, hallucinations, etc.), neuropsychiatric (e.g., anxiety, agitation, aggression, etc.), and cognitive (e.g., Korsakoff amnesia, cortical deafness, etc.) disorders. The presentation depends on a multitude of factors including involvement of dominant or non-dominant lobe. Left temporal lobe involvement usually leads to various forms of aphasia while right side involvement leads to more covert and varied syndromes. In this chapter, the authors discuss the anatomy of the temporal lobe, its functional aspects, and various syndromes of temporal lobe dysfunction.

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