scholarly journals Behavioral and Psychological Outcomes Associated with Skin Cancer Genetic Testing in Albuquerque Primary Care

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4053
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hay ◽  
Kimberly A. Kaphingst ◽  
David Buller ◽  
Elizabeth Schofield ◽  
Kirsten Meyer White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Cancer Worry ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Public availability of genetic information is increasing; thus, efforts to improve diversity in basic and translational research in genomics is a top priority. Given the increasing U.S. incidence and mortality of melanoma, and the prevalence of common melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene melanoma risk variants in the general population, we examined genomic testing of MC1R for skin cancer risk in a randomized controlled trial in Albuquerque, New Mexico primary care. Participants were 48% Hispanic and were randomized 5:1 to a MC1R test invitation or usual care. We assessed 3 month sun protection, skin cancer screening, and skin cancer worry outcomes associated with testing, and key effect moderators (e.g., cancer risk perceptions, and skin cancer risk factors). Our findings indicate that the primary outcomes were unchanged by the MC1R test offer, test acceptance, and level of risk feedback. Moderator analyses showed that those with lower risk perception, and those with skin that readily tans, significantly increased their sun protection in response to higher than average risk feedback. Risk feedback did not prompt cancer worry, and average risk feedback did not erode existing sun protection. This study paves the way for the development of tailored strategies to address low skin cancer risk awareness in this understudied context of public health genomics.

scholarly journals A Randomized Clinical Trial of Precision Prevention Materials Incorporating MC1R Genetic Risk to Improve Skin Cancer Prevention Activities Among Hispanics

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
John Charles A. Lacson ◽  
Scarlet H. Doyle ◽  
Jocelyn Del Rio ◽  
Stephanie M. Forgas ◽  
Rodrigo Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Cancer Worry ◽  
Prevention Activities

Purpose: Skin cancer incidence is increasing among Hispanics, who experience worse outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. Precision prevention incorporating genetic testing for (melanocortin-1 receptor) MC1R, a skin cancer susceptibility marker, may improve prevention behavior. Experimental Design: Hispanic participants (n = 920) from Tampa, FL and Ponce, PR, were block-randomized within MC1R higher- and average-risk groups to precision prevention or generic prevention arms. We collected baseline information on demographics, family history of cancer, phenotypic characteristics, health literacy, health numeracy, and psychosocial measures. Participants reported weekday and weekend sun exposure (in hours), number of sunburns, frequency of five sun protection behaviors, intentional outdoor and indoor tanning, and skin examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. Participants also reported these outcomes for their eldest child ≤10 years old. Results: Among MC1R higher-risk participants, precision prevention increased sunscreen use (OR = 1.74, P = 0.03) and receipt of a clinical skin exam (OR = 6.51, P = 0.0006); and it decreased weekday sun exposure hours (β = −0.94, P = 0.005) and improved sun protection behaviors (β = 0.93, P = 0.02) in their children. There were no significant intervention effects among MC1R average-risk participants. The intervention did not elevate participant cancer worry. We also identified moderators of the intervention effect among both average- and higher-risk participants. Conclusions: Receipt of MC1R precision prevention materials improved some skin cancer prevention behaviors among higher-risk participants and their children and did not result in reduced prevention activities among average-risk participants. Despite these encouraging findings, levels of sun protection behaviors remained suboptimal among participants, warranting more awareness and prevention campaigns targeted to Hispanics Significance: Our results support a precision public health approach to reducing skin cancers among Hispanics, an underserved population in precision medicine, and may additionally improve preventive behaviors among their children.

scholarly journals A brief facial morphing intervention to reduce skin cancer risk behaviors: Results from a randomized controlled trial

Body Image ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Blashill ◽  
Benjamin M. Rooney ◽  
Christina M. Luberto ◽  
Manuel Gonzales ◽  
Sarah Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Interventions to decrease skin cancer risk in outdoor workers: update to a 2007 systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Horsham ◽  
Josephine Auster ◽  
Marguerite Sendall ◽  
Melissa Stoneham ◽  
Philippa Youl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

Background Outdoor workers are at high risk of harmful ultraviolet radiation exposure and are identified as an at risk group for the development of skin cancer. This systematic evidence based review provides an update to a previous review published in 2007 about interventions for the prevention of skin cancer in outdoor workers. Results This review includes interventions published between 2007-2012 and presents findings about sun protection behaviours and/or objective measures of skin cancer risk. Six papers met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Large studies with extended follow-up times demonstrated the efficacy of educational and multi-component interventions to increase sun protection, with some higher use of personal protective equipment such as sunscreen. However, there is less evidence for the effectiveness of policy or specific intervention components. Conclusions Further research aimed at improving overall attitudes towards sun protection in outdoor workers is needed to provide an overarching framework.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Sun-Protection Practices Among Minority Groups in a Lower Socioeconomic Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T Nguyen ◽  
Jonathan Fergus ◽  
Tess N Engel ◽  
Adeel Ashfaq ◽  
James Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Abstract Background: Although skin cancer is less common, minorities present with more advanced stages at diagnosis and have worse outcomes. Literature on this disparity is limited.Objective: To evaluate attitudes influencing sun protective behaviors, skin cancer risk perception, and dermatologist access among an underserved, racially/ethnically diverse community.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of patients at 5 ethnically diverse student-run, free primary care clinics in Sacramento, California.Results: 390 surveys were collected with a response rate: 86.4%. Overall, respondents did not use sunscreen, rarely sunburned, were unsure or perceived themselves at low risk for skin cancer and reported limited access to dermatologists. Compared to Whites, Latinos were likely to believe it was not worth getting sunburned to be tan (OR = 24.43, 95% CI: 9.37 to 63.3, P < 0.0001). Whites were more likely than Asians (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.50 to 9. 11, P = 0.004) and Latinos (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.83 to 12.8, P = 0.001) to perceive access to dermatology care.Limitations: Response bias, sampling bias, generalizabilityConclusions: Ethnic groups differ in knowledge of sun protection and self-perceived skin cancer risk. The Latino community showed discrepancies between sun protection knowledge and practices, serving as an interventional target.

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