scholarly journals No Effect of Chronotype on Sleepiness, Alertness, and Sustained Attention during a Single Night Shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Reiter ◽  
Charli Sargent ◽  
Gregory D. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Single Night ◽  
Subjective Alertness ◽  
Main Effects

The study’s aim was to examine the effect of chronotype on cognitive performance during a single night shift. Data were collected from 72 (36f) young, healthy adults in a laboratory study. Participants had a 9 h sleep period (03:00–12:00) followed by an 8 h night shift (23:00–07:00). During the night shift, participants completed five test sessions, which included measures of subjective sleepiness, subjective alertness, and sustained attention (i.e., psychomotor vigilance task; PVT). Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was derived from saliva samples taken during the evening preceding the night shift. A tertile split of DLMO was used to determine three chronotype categories: earlier (DLMO = 20:22 ± 0:42), intermediate (DLMO = 21:31 ± 0:13), and later (DLMO = 22:54 ± 0:54). There were (a) significant main effects of test session (all p < 0.001); (b) no main effects of chronotype; and (c) no interaction effects between chronotype and test session on sleepiness, alertness, PVT response time, and PVT lapses. The results indicate that under controlled sleeping conditions, chronotype based on dim light melatonin onset did not affect nighttime performance. Differences in performance during night shift between chronotypes reported by field studies may be related to differences in the amount and/or timing of sleep before or between night shifts, rather than circadian timing.

098 Effects of Metameric Display-Light on Alertness, Vigilance and Melatonin

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A40-A41
Author(s):  
Isabel Schöllhorn ◽  
Oliver Stefani ◽  
Manuel Spitschan ◽  
Robert Lucas ◽  
Christian Cajochen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Swiss National Science Foundation ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Salivary Melatonin ◽  
Subjective Alertness ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Circadian Physiology

Abstract Introduction Light emitted from visual displays can acutely increase alertness, improve cognitive performance and suppress melatonin in the evening. Here we tested the influence of different melanopic irradiance levels emitted by a metameric display setting on alertness, vigilance and salivary melatonin levels. Methods In an ongoing study, 37 healthy, male participants have so far completed a 2-week study protocol. Volunteers were assigned to one of four luminance groups which differed in brightness levels (27 cd/m2 - 280 cd/m2). Illuminance ranged between 7 and 85 lx. Within the four groups each volunteer was exposed to a low melanopic (LM) and a high melanopic condition (HM). The LM and HM differed in melanopic irradiance (ca. 3-fold change), but matched in terms of cone excitation (metamers). Before, during and after the light exposure, volunteers performed a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Subjective alertness and melatonin levels were continuously measured in half-hourly intervals throughout scheduled wakefulness in the 17-h in lab study. Results Preliminary analysis yielded an overall alerting response in the HM vs. the LM condition (p&lt;0.05) concomitant with a trend of reduced melatonin levels in HM vs. LM (p=0.08). So far, we could not observe a difference in PVT performance for HM and LM (Reaction time responses between 100 and 500 ms). Since we are still lacking statistical power in the ongoing study, we cannot yet satisfactorily interpret interaction effects between melanopic condition and brightness. Conclusion Our data indicate that rather low brightness levels of high melanopic display light impacts alertness and melatonin levels in the evening. Thus, metameric low melanopic display light may be a promising method to attenuate activating properties of evening light on circadian physiology without affecting visual appearance. Support (if any) This project is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).

Sensor-Based Estimation of Dim Light Melatonin Onset Using Features of Two Time Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cheng Wan ◽  
Andrew W. Mchill ◽  
Elizabeth B. Klerman ◽  
Akane Sano
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Circadian rhythms influence multiple essential biological activities, including sleep, performance, and mood. The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the gold standard for measuring human circadian phase (i.e., timing). The collection of DLMO is expensive and time consuming since multiple saliva or blood samples are required overnight in special conditions, and the samples must then be assayed for melatonin. Recently, several computational approaches have been designed for estimating DLMO. These methods collect daily sampled data (e.g., sleep onset/offset times) or frequently sampled data (e.g., light exposure/skin temperature/physical activity collected every minute) to train learning models for estimating DLMO. One limitation of these studies is that they only leverage one time-scale data. We propose a two-step framework for estimating DLMO using data from both time scales. The first step summarizes data from before the current day, whereas the second step combines this summary with frequently sampled data of the current day. We evaluate three moving average models that input sleep timing data as the first step and use recurrent neural network models as the second step. The results using data from 207 undergraduates show that our two-step model with two time-scale features has statistically significantly lower root-mean-square errors than models that use either daily sampled data or frequently sampled data.

Clinical efficacy of dim light melatonin onset testing in diagnosing delayed sleep phase syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadab A. Rahman ◽  
Leonid Kayumov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Tchmoutina ◽  
Colin M. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Delayed Sleep

The Dim Light Melatonin Onset as a Marker for Orcadian Phase Position

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred J. Lewy ◽  
Robert L. Sack
Keyword(s):  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Dim Light

Ambulatory monitoring in humans: a new method to objectively assess circadian phase as compared with dim light melatonin onset (DLMO)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e79
Author(s):  
M. Bonmati-Carrion ◽  
B. Middleton ◽  
V. Revell ◽  
D. Skene ◽  
A. Rol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
New Method ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Dim Light

0097 Effects of Experimental Sleep Disruption on Morning Cognitive Performance and Alertness

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A39-A39
Author(s):  
E D Chinoy ◽  
D A Hirsch ◽  
J A Cuellar ◽  
M N Snider ◽  
T L Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Subjective Alertness

Abstract Introduction While sleep duration is known to affect next-day cognitive performance and alertness, largely in a dose-response manner, the effects of disrupted sleep (where one is awoken multiple times overnight, common in military settings) are much less understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of experimentally disrupted sleep on morning cognitive performance and alertness. Methods We tested 34 healthy participants (12 men, 22 women, 28.1±3.9 years; mean±SD) who slept for 8-hours time-in-bed on three consecutive nights with polysomnography in a controlled sleep lab. The final two nights were randomized and counterbalanced between an undisrupted and a disrupted sleep condition. On the disrupted sleep night, participants were awoken by auditory tones for a 5–10 min period every hour. The following morning, participants completed a cognitive test battery that included Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), addition calculations (ADD), go/no-go (GNG), task switching (TS), and working memory (WM). Mixed effects models were used to test factors: condition (undisrupted vs. disrupted), condition-order, and their interaction. Results Significant (p&lt;0.05) effects of condition (i.e., disrupted sleep caused worse performance) were found for PVT reaction time (RT), GNG RT, TS RT, WM percent correct, and KSS alertness ratings. Condition was not significant for number or percent correct on ADD, GNG, and TS. Condition-order was significant for TS percent correct, and significant interactions were found for ADD number correct and TS RT. Conclusion One night of sleep disruption caused significant negative effects on morning subjective alertness and on several, but not all, cognitive performance domains tested, including RT and WM. Condition-order and interaction effects were also found, indicating that some performance outcomes were impacted by possible learning effects over the study. Sleep disruption factors should be taken into account, especially in operational settings like the military where environmental factors (e.g., noise) disrupt sleeping conditions. Support Office of Naval Research, Code 34

scholarly journals The Sustained Attention to Response Task Shows Lower Cingulo-Opercular and Frontoparietal Activity in People with Narcolepsy Type 1: An fMRI Study on the Neural Regulation of Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Jari K. Gool ◽  
Ysbrand D. van der Werf ◽  
Gert Jan Lammers ◽  
Rolf Fronczek
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Response Task

Vigilance complaints often occur in people with narcolepsy type 1 and severely impair effective daytime functioning. We tested the feasibility of a three-level sustained attention to response task (SART) paradigm within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment to understand brain architecture underlying vigilance regulation in individuals with narcolepsy type 1. Twelve medication-free people with narcolepsy type 1 and 11 matched controls were included. The SART included four repetitions of a baseline block and two difficulty levels requiring moderate and high vigilance. Outcome measures were between and within-group performance indices on error rates and reaction times, and functional MRI (fMRI) parameters: mean activity during the task and between-group activity differences across the three conditions and related to changes in activation over time (time-on-task) and error-related activity. Patients—but not controls—made significantly more mistakes with increasing difficulty. The modified SART is a feasible MRI vigilance task showing similar task-positive brain activity in both groups within the cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, arousal, motor, and visual networks. During blocks of higher vigilance demand, patients had significantly lower activation in these regions than controls. Patients had lower error-related activity in the left pre- and postcentral gyrus. The time-on-task activity differences between groups suggest that those with narcolepsy are insufficiently capable of activating attention- and arousal-related regions when transitioning from attention initiation to stable attention, specifically when vigilance demand is high. They also show lower inhibitory motor activity in relation to errors, suggesting impaired executive functioning.

scholarly journals 0039 The Clinical Utility of Dim Light Melatonin Onset in Treatment of Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder: Preliminary Findings

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A16-A16
Author(s):  
L Swanson ◽  
J Arnedt ◽  
K DuBuc ◽  
T de Sibour ◽  
H Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Research Award ◽  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Delayed Sleep

Abstract Introduction Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is common, debilitating, and challenging to treat. In an ongoing randomized trial, we are comparing exogenous melatonin treatment outcomes in DSWPD participants for whom dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is measured objectively vs. estimated. Methods Thus far, 13 participants (27±6 years old, 67% female) have completed a randomized, controlled, double-blind 4-week trial of 0.5 mg of exogenous melatonin timed to either 3 h before measured DLMO (M-DLMO, n = 6) or 3 h before DLMO estimated at 2 h before average sleep onset time based on at least 7 days of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary (E-DLMO, n = 7). All participants met International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 diagnostic criteria for DSWPD and were otherwise healthy. Participants completed 4 weekly treatment sessions with a blinded psychologist; time of melatonin administration and bed-rise schedule were advanced up to 1 h/week. A validated home saliva collection kit measured DLMO in all participants. Between-group t-tests and Hedges’ g effect sizes (ES) were calculated at post-treatment for the following outcomes: DLMO; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score; Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); and the actigraphy parameters sleep efficiency (SE) and clock time of sleep onset and offset. A paired-sample t-test compared the measured vs. estimated DLMO at baseline. Results The M-DLMO group had a 65±88 mins DLMO advance vs. 27±30 mins in the E-DLMO group (ES=0.51 p=.381). PSQI scores were similar between groups (M-DLMO=6.67±2.06, E-DLMO=7.1± 1.57, ES=-0.24, p=.646), as were MEQ scores (M-DLMO=43±4.98, E-DLMO=48±12.72, ES=-0.47, p=.387). Sleep onset time (M-DLMO=0:32±1:02, E-DLMO=0:31±1:38, ES=0.01, p=.98) and offset time (M-DLMO=8:05±1:03, E-DLMO=8:08±2:14, ES=-0.02, p=.968) were similar between the groups, although sleep was more efficient in M-DLMO vs. E-DLMO (84%±3% vs. 76%±10%, ES=0.94, p=.096). On average, baseline measured DLMO occurred 123±83 mins earlier than estimated DLMO (p=.001). Conclusion We are continuing to enroll participants in this trial. Preliminary results suggest some potential benefit of measuring the DLMO, but results will need to be clarified in a larger sample. Support American Sleep Medicine Foundation Strategic Research Award

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