Navy Command Decision Making: Basic Research, Applied Research, and Transition to Enhance Current and Future Capabilities

The emergence of Human Factors as a discipline is often traced to pioneering efforts tackling military issues in World War II. Rapid technological advances raised fundamental questions around human performance. Approaches, solutions, and advances in the science soon spread outside of their original military contexts. Current and emerging technologies, and also new challenges for human-machine systems, means Human Factors remains central to military effectiveness, while producing outcomes with broader potential impact. This panel discussion will examine an array of contributions to the Office of Naval Research program on Command Decision Making. The session will explore methods to understand and enhance decision making through: (1) Addressing gaps that demand further foundational knowledge to produce empirical generalizations, models, and theories as basis for future guidelines, principles, specifications, and doctrine for Navy Command Decision Making; (2) Applications of existing knowledge within specific contexts to address current /future real world Navy decision making challenges.

Counterstreaming Cold H+, He+, O+, and N+ Outflows in the Plasmasphere

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3) ionosphere/plasmasphere code is used to examine H+, He+, N+, and O+ thermal outflows during a storm. Here, H+ and He+ outflows are associated with refilling while O+ and N+ outflows are associated with ring current heating. An improved model of counterstreaming H+ outflows from the two hemispheres is presented, using an implementation of SAMI3 with two fluid species for H+. The two-fluid H+ model avoids nonphysical high-altitude “top-down refilling” density peaks seen in one-fluid H+ simulations. Counterstreaming cold ion populations are found in all cases. In these fully three-dimensional simulations with realistic magnetosphere boundary conditions, nonphysical top-down refilling density peaks were milder than those found in previous single-field-line or single-magnetic-longitude simulations. In the present two-fluid H+ case, “bottom-up refilling” density peaks were so mild as to be difficult to detect. For O+ and N+, the nonphysical high-altitude density peak is a brief (1–2 h) transient that occurs when heating-driven northward and southward flows first meet. In general, He+ outflows mimic H+ outflows while N+ outflows mimic O+ outflows.

Progress on consumer and industrial product noise control and technology transfer: summaries of the 2015 and 2016 TQA workshops

Progress on consumer and industrial products noise reduction, was a Technology for a Quieter America (TQA) workshop and International INCE symposium hosted by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) held in October 2015 . The workshop consisted of two major parts, consumer products at home and commercial and industrial products. The former included appliances, waste disposers, leaf blowers, Information Technology Equipment and automotive interior noise. The second half of the workshop included such industrial products as air moving devices, industrial power generation equipment generator sets, compressor noise, transformer noise and valve plus gear noise. It also included national and international noise emission standards for consumer and industrial products. The technology transfer workshop was hosted by NAE in October 2016. The workshop covered four areas; an overview of technology transfer in the United States, government programs, technology transfer from universities, and panel discussions on a variety of topics. Government agencies which participated included NASA, the National Science Foundation, the Small Business Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the Naval Research Laboratory.

The Effect of the Thermosphere on Ionosphere Outflows

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2) and Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3) ionosphere/plasmasphere codes have shown that thermosphere composition and winds significantly affect H+ outflows from the topside ionosphere. In particular, O density inhibits upward diffusion of O+ from the ionosphere F layer, especially during solar maximum conditions. In addition, winds affect the quiet-time latitudinal extent of the F layer, affecting densities at mid-to-high latitudes that are the source of plasmasphere refilling outflows. Evidence for these effects is reviewed and prospects for forecasting these outflows are explored. Open questions for future research are highlighted.

Analyzing Satellite Ocean Color Match-Up Protocols Using the Satellite Validation Navy Tool (SAVANT) at MOBY and Two AERONET-OC Sites

The satellite validation navy tool (SAVANT) was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory to help facilitate the assessment of the stability and accuracy of ocean color satellites, using numerous ground truth (in situ) platforms around the globe and support methods for match-up protocols. The effects of varying spatial constraints with permissive and strict protocols on match-up uncertainty are evaluated, in an attempt to establish an optimal satellite ocean color calibration and validation (cal/val) match-up protocol. This allows users to evaluate the accuracy of ocean color sensors compared to specific ground truth sites that provide continuous data. Various match-up constraints may be adjusted, allowing for varied evaluations of their effects on match-up data. The results include the following: (a) the difference between aerosol robotic network ocean color (AERONET-OC) and marine optical Buoy (MOBY) evaluations; (b) the differences across the visible spectrum for various water types; (c) spatial differences and the size of satellite area chosen for comparison; and (d) temporal differences in optically complex water. The match-up uncertainty analysis was performed using Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) SNPP data at the AERONET-OC sites and the MOBY site. It was found that the more permissive constraint sets allow for a higher number of match-ups and a more comprehensive representation of the conditions, while the restrictive constraints provide better statistical match-ups between in situ and satellite sensors.

From SMET to STEM at MTS

The Student Poster Competition (SPC) has been an integral component of OCEANS meetings since 1989. This enduring program continues to play a valuable role in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education and professional development, providing an international forum for undergraduate and graduate students to showcase their efforts and interact with future colleagues, mentors, and employers. As a sponsor of the SPC since 1999, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) relies on programs like SPC to help inspire, foster, and develop talent across the diverse workforce needed to address the complex marine technology challenges of today and tomorrow.

Multiphysics Integrated Computational Materials Engineering Linking Additive Manufacturing Process Parameters with Part Performance

The central goal of this chapter is to present an outline of the plan and current status of an effort to connect Additive Manufacturing (AM) process parameters with parameters describing the functional performance of produced parts. The term “functional performance” here represents primarily mechanical or thermal or electrochemical performance. The described effort represents an overview of the main research activities within a new multi-year grand-challenge project initiated at the US Naval Research Laboratory (US-NRL) in late 2016, in collaboration with groups from various academic institutions.

Advances in Computers and Information in Engineering Research, Volume 2

Book Series Editorial Board John Michopoulos, Naval Research Laboratory David Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology Chris Paredis, Georgia Institute of Technology Judy Vance, Iowa State University This is the second volume in this book series that aims to capture advances in computers and information in engineering research, especially by researchers and members of ASME’s Computers & Information in Engineering (CIE) Division. The series is focusing on advances in computational methods, algorithms, tools, and processes on the cutting edge of research and development as they have evolved and/or have been reported during the last three to five annual CIE conferences. The series will provide a resource for enhancing engineering practice by enabling the understanding and the application of evolving and emerging technologies that impact critical engineering issues related to the topics and themes under CIE’s technical committees areas of interest, but not limited to: Advanced Modeling and Simulation; Computer-Aided Product and Process Development; Systems Engineering, Information and Knowledge Management; Virtual Environments and Systems.

Examination of Current BSEE Oil Spill Response Research Efforts

No.:1141265 In the decade following the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe, considerable research and development has been accomplished to address known research gaps to respond to offshore oil spills; however, opportunities to enhance spill response capabilities remain. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) is the lead agency in the U.S. regulating energy production on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. BSEE's Oil Spill Response Research (OSRR) program is the principal federal source of oil spill response research to improve the detection, containment, treatment/cleanup of oil spills and strives to provide the best available information, science, research, and technology development to key decision makers, industry, and the oil spill response community. The paper will highlight several key collaborative projects with federal and industry stakeholders including System and Algorithm Development to Estimate Oil Thickness and Emulsification through an UAS Platform and Methods to Enhance Mechanical Recovery in Arctic Environments. Additionally, the paper will provide an update on the Development of a Low-emission Spray Combustion Burner to Cleanly Burn Emulsions where we partnered the Naval Research Laboratory and met with industry representatives to incorporate their needs in the final phases of the development effort.