scholarly journals Ecotoxicity of mixtures of IL and lithium salt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Parajó ◽  
P. Vallet ◽  
L. Fernández-Míguez ◽  
M. Villanueva ◽  
J. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Salt

Preparation and absolute configuration at C(20) of 21-nor-5α-chol-22-en-24→20-olide derivatives

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Pouzar ◽  
Miroslav Havel
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chemical Correlation ◽  
Unsaturated Lactones

Reaction of the aldehyde I with the lithium salt of 1-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-propyne yielded the compounds II and IV. From the compound II the lactone XII was prepared via the intermediates III and X, the lactone XVIII was prepared from the substance IV via the intermediates V and XVI. The unsaturated lactones XII and XVIII were also prepared by sulfenylation and dehydrosulfenylation of the saturated lactones XIII and XIX. Based on chemical correlation and 1H-NMR spectra analyses of the compounds II and IV, the lactone XII was assigned the 20R-configuration whereas the lactone XVIII was allotted the 20S-configuration.

Preparation and absolute configuration at C(22) of 21,26,27-trinor-5α-cholestane-22,25-diol derivatives

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2423-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Pouzar ◽  
Soňa Vašíčková ◽  
Pavel Drašar ◽  
Ivan Černý ◽  
Miroslav Havel
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Nickel Acetylacetonate ◽  
Cotton Effects ◽  
Chemical Correlation

Reaction of 5α-pregnan-21-al (V), obtained from ester of the corresponding acid III via the alcohol IV, with lithium salt of 1-methoxymethoxy-2-propyne afforded both the isomeric 25-methoxymethoxy-21,26,27-trinor-5α-cholest-23-yn-22-ols (VI and VIII) which were converted into two 21,26,27-trinor-5α-cholestane-22,25-diols (XI, XV). Absolute configuration of the alcohols X and XIV was assigned by chemical correlation with derivatives XXVI and XXVII of known absolute configuration at C(20). The correlation was based on reduction of thiocarbonates derived from the diols XXII and XXIV for which also Cotton effects of their complexes with nickel acetylacetonate were studied. Both diols were prepared from 5α-pregnan-20-one (XVIII) via 5α-pregn-20-yne (XIX) and the 21,26,27-trinor-5α-cholest-20-ene derivative XXI.

Effect of lithium salt concentration in PVAc/PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes

Ionics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajendran ◽  
V. Shanthi Bama ◽  
M. Ramesh Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Gel Polymer Electrolytes

scholarly journals β-Ketophosphonates with Pentalenofuran Scaffolds Linked to the Ketone Group for the Synthesis of Prostaglandin Analogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6787
Author(s):  
Constantin I. Tănase ◽  
Constantin Drăghici ◽  
Miron Teodor Căproiu ◽  
Anamaria Hanganu ◽  
Gheorghe Borodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Keto Group ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Prostaglandin Analogues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols

β-Ketophosphonates with pentalenofurane fragments linked to the keto group were synthesized. The bulky pentalenofurane skeleton is expected to introduce more hindrance in the prostaglandin analogues of type III, greater than that obtained with the bicyclo[3.3.0]oct(a)ene fragments of prostaglandin analogues I and II, to slow down (retard) the inactivation of the prostaglandin analogues by oxidation of 15α-OH to the 15-keto group via the 15-PGDH pathway. Their synthesis was performed by a sequence of three high yield reactions, starting from the pentalenofurane alcohols 2, oxidation of alcohols to acids 3, esterification of acids 3 to methyl esters 4 and reaction of the esters 4 with lithium salt of dimethyl methanephosphonate at low temperature. The secondary compounds 6b and 6c were formed in small amounts in the oxidation reactions of 2b and 2c, and the NMR spectroscopy showed that their structure is that of an ester of the acid with the starting alcohol. Their molecular structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray determination method for 6c and XRPD powder method for 6b.

scholarly journals Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Prepared via Lithium Salt-Catalyzed Epoxide Ring Opening Polymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Foran ◽  
Nina Verdier ◽  
David Lepage ◽  
Arnaud Prébé ◽  
David Aymé-Perrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Epoxide Ring Opening

Solid polymer electrolytes have been widely proposed for use in all solid-state lithium batteries. Advantages of polymer electrolytes over liquid and ceramic electrolytes include their flexibility, tunability and easy processability. An additional benefit of using some types of polymers for electrolytes is that they can be processed without the use of solvents. An example of polymers that are compatible with solvent-free processing is epoxide-containing precursors that can form films via the lithium salt-catalyzed epoxide ring opening polymerization reaction. Many polymers with epoxide functional groups are liquid under ambient conditions and can be used to directly dissolve lithium salts, allowing the reaction to be performed in a single reaction vessel under mild conditions. The existence of a variety of epoxide-containing polymers opens the possibility for significant customization of the resultant films. This review discusses several varieties of epoxide-based polymer electrolytes (polyethylene, silicone-based, amine and plasticizer-containing) and to compare them based on their thermal and electrochemical properties.

scholarly journals Multistep batch-flow hybrid synthesis of a terbinafine precursor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hergert ◽  
Béla Mátravölgyi ◽  
Róbert Örkényi ◽  
János Éles ◽  
Ferenc Faigl
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grignard Reaction ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Synthesis Route ◽  
Selective Addition

AbstractA three-step batch-flow hybrid process has been developed for an expeditious synthesis of the enynol key intermediate of antifungal terbinafine. This procedure involves consecutive organometallic steps without the necessity of any in-line purification: after a metalation by n-butyllithium, a selective addition of the lithium salt was elaborated followed by a Grignard reaction resulting in a high yield of 6,6-dimethylhept-1-en-4-yn-3-ol. Moreover, as an alternative to tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether was used as solvent implementing a safe, sustainable, yet selective synthetic process. Even on a laboratory-scale, the optimized batch-flow hybrid process had a theoretical throughput of 41 g/h. Furthermore, the newly developed process provides an efficient synthesis route to the key-intermediate, while making acrolein obsolete, minimizing side-products, and enabling safe and convenient scale-up.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation in Capacity Degradation and Control of All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Based on Time-Aging Polymer Electrolyte

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Xuansen Fang ◽  
Yaolong He ◽  
Xiaomin Fan ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Hongjiu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Capacity Degradation

The prediction of electrochemical performance is the basis for long-term service of all-solid-state-battery (ASSB) regarding the time-aging of solid polymer electrolytes. To get insight into the influence mechanism of electrolyte aging on cell fading, we have established a continuum model for quantitatively analyzing the capacity evolution of the lithium battery during the time-aging process. The simulations have unveiled the phenomenon of electrolyte-aging-induced capacity degradation. The effects of discharge rate, operating temperature, and lithium-salt concentration in the electrolyte, as well as the electrolyte thickness, have also been explored in detail. The results have shown that capacity loss of ASSB is controlled by the decrease in the contact area of the electrolyte/electrode interface at the initial aging stage and is subsequently dominated by the mobilities of lithium-ion across the aging electrolyte. Moreover, reducing the discharge rate or increasing the operating temperature can weaken this cell deterioration. Besides, the thinner electrolyte film with acceptable lithium salt content benefits the durability of the ASSB. It has also been found that the negative effect of the aging electrolytes can be relieved if the electrolyte conductivity is kept being above a critical value under the storage and using conditions.

Lithium Salt-Induced In Situ Living Radical Polymerizations Enable Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 874-887
Author(s):  
Liping Yu ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Jirong Wang ◽  
Huihui Gan ◽  
Shaoqiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Living Radical Polymerizations ◽  
Radical Polymerizations
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